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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 15, 8083-8095, Copyright © 1995 by Society for Neuroscience
Large-scale reorganization at multiple levels of the somatosensory pathway follows therapeutic amputation of the hand in monkeys
SL Florence and JH Kaas
Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, USA.
Reorganization of somatosensory cortex after peripheral nerve damage
typically has been attributed to cortical plasticity. Here we provide
evidence that much of the large-scale cortical reorganization that occurs
after a major loss of peripheral inputs reflects the sprouting or expansion
of afferents from the remaining forelimb into deprived territories of the
spinal cord and brainstem. We examined sensory afferent terminations in the
spinal cord and brainstem, and determined the somatotopic organization of
cortical area 3b in three adult monkeys with previous hand or forearm
amputation, as veterinary treatment of forelimb injuries. In each monkey,
the distribution of labeled sensory afferent terminations from the
remaining parts of the fore-limb was much more extensive than the normal
distribution of inputs from the forelimb, and extended into portions of the
dorsal horn of the spinal cord and the cuneate nucleus of the brainstem
related to the amputated hand. In the same animals, tactile stimulation of
the forelimb activated much of the deprived hand representation in area 3b
of cortex; the lateral portion of the deprived region in area 3B appeared
to be reactivated by inputs from the face. These data provide important new
evidence that one of the mechanisms subserving large scale reorganization
in cortex is a relay of topographic changes that occur subcortically.
Presumably, the expanded primary sensory inputs activate postsynaptic
neurons that are normally driven by inputs from the hand so that the
neurons now have receptive fields on the forearm. Since the topographic
representation of the body is greatly magnified in the relay to cortex, the
subcortical changes can result in dramatic cortical map changes.
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