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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 15, 2935-2947, Copyright © 1995 by Society for Neuroscience
The first retinal axons and their microenvironment in zebrafish: cryptic pioneers and the pretract
JD Burrill and SS Easter Jr
Department of Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1048, USA.
The initial development of the optic tract was studied with light and
electron microscopy in the zebrafish (Danio rerio). Intraocular injections
of the fluorescent marker, 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'
tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (dil), labeled retinal axons and
growth cones anterogradely, and injections of dil into the optic chiasm
labeled retinal ganglion cells retrogradely. Labeled tissue was
photoconverted and examined electron microscopically. The ventronasal
retinal quadrant produced the first growth cones. They were the first
growth cones in the optic stalk. The leading retinal growth cones,
typically 4-10 in number, advanced alongside the tract of the postoptic
commissure but rarely sent filopodia into it and never wrapped its axons.
Instead, the retinal growth cones followed a pretract, a subpial region
that was morphologically distinct from its surroundings and extended out in
front of the leading growth cones, presaging the optic tract. Thus, the
retinal growth cones, previously thought to be followers of preexisting
axons, are actually cryptic pioneers whose proximity to the earlier axons
masks their pioneering nature. We suggest that cryptic pioneers and
pretracts are probably common elsewhere in the nervous system.
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