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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 15, 4515-4524, Copyright © 1995 by Society for Neuroscience
AMPA receptor desensitization predicts the selective vulnerability of cerebellar Purkinje cells to excitotoxicity
JR Brorson, PA Manzolillo, SJ Gibbons and RJ Miller
Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
Cerebellar Purkinje cells are selectively vulnerable to ischemia, although
the reasons for this are unknown. In cultured embryonic rat cerebellar
neurons, the steady state responses to the desensitizing agonist AMPA
relative to responses to the nondesensitizing agonist kainate were greater
in Purkinje cells compared to other cells, as measured by whole cell
voltage clamp studies. Fluorimetric [Ca2+]i imaging experiments similarly
found greater responses to AMPA relative to kainate in Purkinje cells than
in other cerebellar neurons. In toxicity experiments measuring cell
survival 24 hr following agonist exposure, AMPA and glutamate produced
Ca(2+)-dependent toxicity which was selective for the Purkinje cell
fraction of the neurons, whereas kainate produced nonselective toxicity,
and NMDA selectively spared the mature Purkinje cells. Cyclothiazide, which
inhibits AMPA receptor desensitization, enhanced steady state current
responses to AMPA and increased the toxicity of AMPA. We conclude that the
vulnerability of cerebellar neurons in culture to glutamate agonist-induced
toxicity parallels the magnitude of the steady state currents produced, and
that Purkinje cells may be selectively vulnerable because they express AMPA
receptors which undergo less complete desensitization.
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