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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 16, 82-91, Copyright © 1996 by Society for Neuroscience
Regulation of intracellular Cl- levels by Na(+)-dependent Cl- cotransport distinguishes depolarizing from hyperpolarizing GABAA receptor-mediated responses in spinal neurons
J Rohrbough and NC Spitzer
Department of Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0357, USA.
Rohon-Beard (RB) spinal neurons of Xenopus larvae are depolarized by GABA.
To study the mechanisms underlying this distinctive response, intracellular
and patch-clamp recordings were made from RB neurons in situ. The
intracellularly recorded GABA reversal potential (EREV) was near -30 mV in
normal saline and was approximately 25 mV more negative in Na(+)-free
saline. Whole-cell recordings from RB neurons and from neighboring
dorsolateral interneurons (DLi) revealed that GABA responses of both cells
were mediated by GABAA receptors. Currents elicited by GABA were mimicked
by muscimol and reversibly blocked by bicuculline, and EREV shifted with
changes in Cl- concentration ([Cl]) in agreement with Cl- selectivity. In
perforated patch recordings, EREV for RB cells was significantly more
positive than for DLi cells (-38 vs -63 mV), indicating that intact RB
cells maintain higher levels of intracellular Cl-. Replacement of external
Na+ or exposure to the Cl- transport inhibitor bumetanide (100 microM)
shifted RB cell EREV to move negative values, consistent with
Na+(-)dependent Cl cotransport contributing to higher internal [Cl]. In
contrast, these treatments did not change DLi cell EREV. The results
indicate that a Na+(-)dependent Cl- transport mechanism underlies GABAA
receptor-mediated depolarizing Cl- conductances in RB neurons. Thus, both
inhibitory and excitatory GABA responses appear to be present during the
same developmental period in vivo. GABA may stimulate Ca2+ influx in RB
neurons because the intracellular GABA EREV is above the threshold for low
voltage- activated Ca2+ channels.
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