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Volume 16, Number 10,
Issue of May 15, 1996
pp. 3534-3540
Copyright ©1996 Society for Neuroscience
Chronic Psychosocial Stress Causes Apical Dendritic Atrophy of
Hippocampal CA3 Pyramidal Neurons in Subordinate Tree Shrews
Received Oct. 11, 1995; revised Feb. 29, 1996; accepted March 4, 1996.
Ana María Magariños1,
Bruce S. McEwen1,
Gabriele Flügge2, and
Eberhard Fuchs2
1 The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
10021, and 2 German Primate Center, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
We have shown previously that repeated laboratory restraint stress
or daily corticosterone administration affects the structure of CA3
hippocampal neurons in rats. In the present study, we investigated the
effect of repeated daily psychosocial stress on the structure of
hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons in male tree shrews (Tupaia
belangeri). Male tree shrews develop social hierarchies in which
subordinates show characteristic changes in physiological and
behavioral parameters when confronted with a dominant. In the present
experiments, subordinate animals lost body weight soon after
starting the daily social conflict, and urinary excretion of cortisol
was elevated throughout the experiment as compared with the control
period. Golgi-impregnated brain tissue from subordinates exposed to 28 d (1 hr/d) of social confrontations was compared with that from
control nonstressed animals. The apical dendrites of the CA3
pyramidal cells from subordinates had a decreased number of branch
points and total dendritic length as compared with controls. No
differences were observed in apical dendritic spine density or in the
basal dendritic tree morphology. The stress-induced CA3 apical
dendritic atrophy in subordinates was prevented by administering daily
oral doses of the antiepileptic drug phenytoin (Dilantin, Sigma, St.
Louis, MO) (200 mg/kg), which interferes with excitatory amino acid
(EAA) action. These results suggest that the naturalistic stressor
psychosocial stress induces specific structural changes in
hippocampal neurons of subordinate male tree shrews. These changes,
like those in the rat after glucocorticoid treatment or restraint
stress, probably are mediated by activation of the
hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal-axis acting in concert with endogenous
EAAs from mossy fiber input.
Key words:
Golgi impregnation;
hippocampus;
Tupaia;
pyramidal neuron;
excitatory amino acids;
phenytoin;
glucocorticoids
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