WWW.JNEUROSCI.ORG
-
The Journal of Neuroscience
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     
-


HOME  |   SEARCH  |   ARCHIVE  |   SUBSCRIBE  |   CONTACT  |   HELP
This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Submit an eLetter
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me when eLetters are posted
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in Web of Science
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Web of Science (215)
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Kleim, J. A.
Right arrow Articles by Greenough, W. T.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Kleim, J. A.
Right arrow Articles by Greenough, W. T.

 Previous Article

Volume 16, Number 14, Issue of July 15, 1996 pp. 4529-4535
Copyright ©1996 Society for Neuroscience

Synaptogenesis and FOS Expression in the Motor Cortex of the Adult Rat after Motor Skill Learning

Received Aug. 14, 1995; revised April 12, 1996; accepted April 24, 1996.

Jeffrey A. Kleim1, 4, Erich Lussnig4, Edward R. Schwarz4, Thomas A. Comery3, 4, and William T. Greenough1, 2, 3, 4

Departments of 1 Psychology and 2 Cell and Structural Biology, 3 Neuroscience Program, and 4 Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801

Recent work has suggested that changes in synapse number as well as changes in the expression of the Fos protein may occur within the motor cortex in association with motor learning. The number of synapses per neuron and the percentage of Fos-positive neurons within layer II/III of the rat motor cortex was measured after training on a complex motor learning task. Adult female rats were allocated randomly to either an acrobatic condition (AC), a motor control condition (MC), or an inactive control condition (IC). AC animals were trained to traverse a complex series of obstacles, and each AC animal was pair matched with an MC animal that traversed an obstacle-free runway. IC animals received no motor training. Animals from each condition were killed at various points during training, and unbiased stereological techniques were used to estimate the number of synapses per neuron and the percentage of Fos-positive cells within layer II/III of the motor cortex. AC animals exhibited an overall increase in the number of synapses per neuron in comparison to MC and IC animals at later stages of training. AC animals also had a significantly higher overall percentage of Fos-positive cells in comparison to both controls, with a trend for the increase to be greater during the acquisition versus the maintenance phase. These data suggest that Fos may be involved in the biochemical processes underlying skill acquisition and that motor learning, as opposed to motor activity, leads to increases in synapse number in the motor cortex.

Key words: motor learning; motor cortex; synaptogenesis; Fos; c-fos; synaptic plasticity; rat




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Cereb CortexHome page
S. Li, Y. Han, D. Wang, H. Yang, Y. Fan, Y. Lv, H. Tang, Q. Gong, Y. Zang, and Y. He
Mapping Surface Variability of the Central Sulcus in Musicians
Cereb Cortex, May 11, 2009; (2009) bhp074v1.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
K. L. Hyde, J. Lerch, A. Norton, M. Forgeard, E. Winner, A. C. Evans, and G. Schlaug
Musical Training Shapes Structural Brain Development
J. Neurosci., March 11, 2009; 29(10): 3019 - 3025.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JSLHRHome page
J. A. Kleim and T. A. Jones
Principles of Experience-Dependent Neural Plasticity: Implications for Rehabilitation After Brain Damage
J Speech Lang Hear Res, February 1, 2008; 51(1): S225 - S239.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JSLHRHome page
C. L. Ludlow, J. Hoit, R. Kent, L. O. Ramig, R. Shrivastav, E. Strand, K. Yorkston, and C. M. Sapienza
Translating Principles of Neural Plasticity Into Research on Speech Motor Control Recovery and Rehabilitation
J Speech Lang Hear Res, February 1, 2008; 51(1): S240 - S258.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JSLHRHome page
J. Robbins, S. G. Butler, S. K. Daniels, R. Diez Gross, S. Langmore, C. L. Lazarus, B. Martin-Harris, D. McCabe, N. Musson, and J. Rosenbek
Swallowing and Dysphagia Rehabilitation: Translating Principles of Neural Plasticity Into Clinically Oriented Evidence
J Speech Lang Hear Res, February 1, 2008; 51(1): S276 - S300.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
J. C. Lopez-Ramos, P. J. Yi, L. Eleore, N. Madronal, A. Rueda, and J. M. Delgado-Garcia
Classical eyeblink conditioning during acute hypobaric hypoxia is improved in acclimatized mice and involves Fos expression in selected brain areas
J Appl Physiol, November 1, 2007; 103(5): 1479 - 1487.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ptjournalHome page
A. J Butler and S. L Wolf
Putting the Brain on the Map: Use of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Assess and Induce Cortical Plasticity of Upper-Extremity Movement
Physical Therapy, June 1, 2007; 87(6): 719 - 736.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cereb CortexHome page
G Campbell Teskey, N. A. Young, F. van Rooyen, S. E.M. Larson, C. Flynn, M.-H. Monfils, J. A. Kleim, L. C. Henry, and C. D. Goertzen
Induction of Neocortical Long-Term Depression Results in Smaller Movement Representations, Fewer Excitatory Perforated Synapses, and More Inhibitory Synapses
Cereb Cortex, February 1, 2007; 17(2): 434 - 442.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
D. L. Adkins, J. Boychuk, M. S. Remple, and J. A. Kleim
Motor training induces experience-specific patterns of plasticity across motor cortex and spinal cord
J Appl Physiol, December 1, 2006; 101(6): 1776 - 1782.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Learn. Mem.Home page
P. J. Hernandez, C. A. Schiltz, and A. E. Kelley
Dynamic shifts in corticostriatal expression patterns of the immediate early genes Homer 1a and Zif268 during early and late phases of instrumental training.
Learn. Mem., September 1, 2006; 13(5): 599 - 608.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Physiol.Home page
M. A. Perez, J. Lundbye-Jensen, and J. B. Nielsen
Changes in corticospinal drive to spinal motoneurones following visuo-motor skill learning in humans
J. Physiol., June 15, 2006; 573(3): 843 - 855.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
A. J. Nelson, J. M. Juraska, T. I. Musch, and G. A. Iwamoto
Neuroplastic adaptations to exercise: neuronal remodeling in cardiorespiratory and locomotor areas
J Appl Physiol, December 1, 2005; 99(6): 2312 - 2322.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeuroscientistHome page
M.-H. Monfils, E. J. Plautz, and J. A. Kleim
In Search of the Motor Engram: Motor Map Plasticity as a Mechanism for Encoding Motor Experience
Neuroscientist, October 1, 2005; 11(5): 471 - 483.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
J. L. Jensen, P. C. D. Marstrand, and J. B. Nielsen
Motor skill training and strength training are associated with different plastic changes in the central nervous system
J Appl Physiol, October 1, 2005; 99(4): 1558 - 1568.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Neuroradiol.Home page
K. Aydin, K. Ciftci, E. Terzibasioglu, M. Ozkan, A. Demirtas, S. Sencer, and O. Minareci
Quantitative Proton MR Spectroscopic Findings of Cortical Reorganization in the Auditory Cortex of Musicians
AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., January 1, 2005; 26(1): 128 - 136.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cereb CortexHome page
N. Higo, T. Oishi, A. Yamashita, K. Matsuda, and M. Hayashi
Cell Type- and Region-specific Expression of Neurogranin mRNA in the Cerebral Cortex of the Macaque Monkey
Cereb Cortex, October 1, 2004; 14(10): 1134 - 1143.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical SciencesHome page
A. F. Kramer, L. Bherer, S. J. Colcombe, W. Dong, and W. T. Greenough
Environmental Influences on Cognitive and Brain Plasticity During Aging
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., September 1, 2004; 59(9): M940 - M957.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cereb CortexHome page
M.-H. Monfils, P. M. VandenBerg, J. A. Kleim, and G. C. Teskey
Long-term Potentiation Induces Expanded Movement Representations and Dendritic Hypertrophy in Layer V of Rat Sensorimotor Neocortex
Cereb Cortex, May 1, 2004; 14(5): 586 - 593.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
J. A. Kleim, T. M. Hogg, P. M. VandenBerg, N. R. Cooper, R. Bruneau, and M. Remple
Cortical Synaptogenesis and Motor Map Reorganization Occur during Late, But Not Early, Phase of Motor Skill Learning
J. Neurosci., January 21, 2004; 24(3): 628 - 633.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
C. Gaser and G. Schlaug
Brain Structures Differ between Musicians and Non-Musicians
J. Neurosci., October 8, 2003; 23(27): 9240 - 9245.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
S. B. Frost, S. Barbay, K. M. Friel, E. J. Plautz, and R. J. Nudo
Reorganization of Remote Cortical Regions After Ischemic Brain Injury: A Potential Substrate for Stroke Recovery
J Neurophysiol, June 1, 2003; 89(6): 3205 - 3214.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
B. Leuner, J. Falduto, and T. J. Shors
Associative Memory Formation Increases the Observation of Dendritic Spines in the Hippocampus
J. Neurosci., January 15, 2003; 23(2): 659 - 665.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeuroscientistHome page
J. L. Tillerson and G. W. Miller
Book Review: Forced Limb-Use and Recovery following Brain Injury
Neuroscientist, December 1, 2002; 8(6): 574 - 585.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
S. D. Bury and T. A. Jones
Unilateral Sensorimotor Cortex Lesions in Adult Rats Facilitate Motor Skill Learning with the "Unaffected" Forelimb and Training-Induced Dendritic Structural Plasticity in the Motor Cortex
J. Neurosci., October 1, 2002; 22(19): 8597 - 8606.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
J. A. Kleim, J. H. Freeman Jr., R. Bruneau, B. C. Nolan, N. R. Cooper, A. Zook, and D. Walters
Synapse formation is associated with memory storage in the cerebellum
PNAS, October 1, 2002; 99(20): 13228 - 13231.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
S. Fischer, M. Hallschmid, A. L. Elsner, and J. Born
Sleep forms memory for finger skills
PNAS, September 3, 2002; 99(18): 11987 - 11991.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
M. H. Schieber
Training and Synchrony in the Motor System
J. Neurosci., July 1, 2002; 22(13): 5277 - 5281.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cereb CortexHome page
M. A. Casu, T. Pan Wong, Y. De Koninck, A. Ribeiro-da-Silva, and A. C. Cuello
Aging Causes a Preferential Loss of Cholinergic Innervation of Characterized Neocortical Pyramidal Neurons
Cereb Cortex, March 1, 2002; 12(3): 329 - 337.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Learn. Mem.Home page
B. J. Anderson, P. B. Eckburg, and K. I. Relucio
Alterations in the Thickness of Motor Cortical Subregions After Motor-Skill Learning and Exercise
Learn. Mem., January 1, 2002; 9(1): 1 - 9.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
E. R. Sowell, P. M. Thompson, K. D. Tessner, and A. W. Toga
Mapping Continued Brain Growth and Gray Matter Density Reduction in Dorsal Frontal Cortex: Inverse Relationships during Postadolescent Brain Maturation
J. Neurosci., November 15, 2001; 21(22): 8819 - 8829.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Physiol. Rev.Home page
S. C. Gandevia
Spinal and Supraspinal Factors in Human Muscle Fatigue
Physiol Rev, October 1, 2001; 81(4): 1725 - 1789.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
J. Biernaskie and D. Corbett
Enriched Rehabilitative Training Promotes Improved Forelimb Motor Function and Enhanced Dendritic Growth after Focal Ischemic Injury
J. Neurosci., July 15, 2001; 21(14): 5272 - 5280.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
W. T. Greenough, A. Y. Klintsova, S. A. Irwin, R. Galvez, K. E. Bates, and I. J. Weiler
Synaptic regulation of protein synthesis and the fragile X protein
PNAS, June 19, 2001; 98(13): 7101 - 7106.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
J. L. Tillerson, A. D. Cohen, J. Philhower, G. W. Miller, M. J. Zigmond, and T. Schallert
Forced Limb-Use Effects on the Behavioral and Neurochemical Effects of 6-Hydroxydopamine
J. Neurosci., June 15, 2001; 21(12): 4427 - 4435.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cereb CortexHome page
Y. Geinisman
Structural Synaptic Modifications Associated with Hippocampal LTP and Behavioral Learning
Cereb Cortex, October 1, 2000; 10(10): 952 - 962.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 StrokeHome page
B. B. Johansson
Brain Plasticity and Stroke Rehabilitation : The Willis Lecture
Stroke, January 1, 2000; 31(1): 223 - 230.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
T. A. Jones, C. J. Chu, L. A. Grande, and A. D. Gregory
Motor Skills Training Enhances Lesion-Induced Structural Plasticity in the Motor Cortex of Adult Rats
J. Neurosci., November 15, 1999; 19(22): 10153 - 10163.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
J. A. Kleim, S. Barbay, and R. J. Nudo
Functional Reorganization of the Rat Motor Cortex Following Motor Skill Learning
J Neurophysiol, December 1, 1998; 80(6): 3321 - 3325.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
J. Radulovic, J. Kammermeier, and J. Spiess
Relationship between Fos Production and Classical Fear Conditioning: Effects of Novelty, Latent Inhibition, and Unconditioned Stimulus Preexposure
J. Neurosci., September 15, 1998; 18(18): 7452 - 7461.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
X. Lu, O. Hikosaka, and S. Miyachi
Role of Monkey Cerebellar Nuclei in Skill for Sequential Movement
J Neurophysiol, May 1, 1998; 79(5): 2245 - 2254.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
G. W. Huntley
Differential Effects of Abnormal Tactile Experience on Shaping Representation Patterns in Developing and Adult Motor Cortex
J. Neurosci., December 1, 1997; 17(23): 9220 - 9232.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
E. D. Jarvis and F. Nottebohm
Motor-driven gene expression
PNAS, April 15, 1997; 94(8): 4097 - 4102.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
J. A. Kleim, K. Vij, D. H. Ballard, and W. T. Greenough
Learning-Dependent Synaptic Modifications in the Cerebellar Cortex of the Adult Rat Persist for at Least Four Weeks
J. Neurosci., January 15, 1997; 17(2): 717 - 721.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


-
-

Home  |   Search  |   Archive  |   Subscribe  |   Contact  |   Help
-
Copyright 2009 by Society for Neuroscience ONLINE ISSN: 1529-2401
-