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Volume 16, Number 16, Issue of August 15, 1996 pp. 5095-5105
Copyright ©1996 Society for NeuroscienceOligodendroglia Regulate the Regional Expansion of Axon Caliber and Local Accumulation of Neurofilaments during Development Independently of Myelin Formation
Received Feb. 20, 1996; revised April 30, 1996; accepted May 22, 1996.
Ivelisse Sánchez1, 3, Linda Hassinger1, Peter A. Paskevich2, H. David Shine5, and Ralph A. Nixon1, 3, 4 1 Laboratories for Molecular Neuroscience, 2 McLean Hospital, 3 Department of Psychiatry, and 4 Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts 02178, and 5 Department of Neurosurgery and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
Axon caliber may be influenced by intrinsic neuronal factors and extrinsic factors related to myelination. To understand these extrinsic influences, we studied how axon-caliber expansion is related to changes in neurofilament and microtubule organization as axons of retinal ganglion cells interact with oligodendroglia and become myelinated during normal mouse brain development. Caliber expanded and neurofilaments accumulated only along regions of the axon invested with oligodendroglia. Very proximal portions of axons within a region of the optic nerve from which oligodendrocytes are excluded remained unchanged. More distally, these axons rapidly expanded an average of fourfold as soon as they were recruited to become myelinated between postnatal days 9 and 120. Unmyelinated axons remained unchanged. Axons ensheathed by oligodendroglial processes, but not yet myelinated, were intermediate in caliber and neurofilament number. That oligodendrocytes can trigger regional caliber expansion in the absence of myelin was confirmed using three strains of mice with different mutations that prevent myelin formation but allow wrapping of some axons by oligodendroglial processes. Unmyelinated axons persistently wrapped by oligodendrocytes showed full axon caliber expansion, neurofilament accumulation, and appropriately increased lateral spacing between neurofilaments. Thus, signals from oligodendrocytes, independent of myelin formation, are sufficient to induce full axon radial growth primarily by triggering local accumulation and reorganization of the neurofilament network.
Key words: neurofilaments; oligodendroglia; myelin; axon caliber; CNS development; optic nerve
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