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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 16, 808-822, Copyright © 1996 by Society for Neuroscience
A positron emission tomography study of the short-term maintenance of verbal information
JA Fiez, EA Raife, DA Balota, JP Schwarz, ME Raichle and SE Petersen
Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, McDonnell Center for Higher Brain Function, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
Positron emission tomography (PET) was used to investigate the functional
brain anatomy associated with the short-term maintenance of linguistic
information. Subjects were asked to retain five related words, unrelated
words, or pseudowords silently for the duration of a 40 sec PET scan. When
brain activity during these short-term maintenance tasks was compared with
a visual fixation control task, increases were found bilaterally in the
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and cerebellum, and medially in the
supplementary motor area. Furthermore, effects of stimulus condition and
recall performance were found in the left frontal operculum. To investigate
the role of articulatory systems in the maintenance of verbal information,
regional activation was compared across the maintenance tasks and a covert
articulation task (silent counting). The cerebellum was active in both task
conditions, whereas activation in prefrontal regions was specific to the
maintenance condition. Conversely, greater activation was found in a left
middle insular region in the silent counting than in the maintenance tasks.
Based on converging results in this and previous studies, dorsolateral
prefrontal cortical areas appear to contribute to the maintenance of both
verbal and nonverbal information, whereas left frontal opercular regions
appear to be involved specifically in the rehearsal of verbal material.
Contrary to results found in other studies of working memory, activation
was not found in the inferior parietal cortex, suggesting that this area is
involved in aspects of stimulus encoding and retrieval, which were
minimized in the present study.
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