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Previous Article | Next Article
Volume 17, Number 1, Issue of January 1, 1997 pp. 171-180
Copyright ©1997 Society for NeuroscienceSpecialized Membrane Domains for Water Transport in Glial Cells: High-Resolution Immunogold Cytochemistry of Aquaporin-4 in Rat Brain
Received Aug. 16, 1996; revised Oct. 1, 1996; accepted Oct. 10, 1996.
Søren Nielsen1, , Erlend Arnulf Nagelhus2, , Mahmood Amiry-Moghaddam2, Charles Bourque3, Peter Agre4, and Ole Petter Ottersen2 1 Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark, 2 Department of Anatomy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway, 3 Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Montréal General Hospital and McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3G 1A4, and 4 Departments of Biological Chemistry and Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
Membrane water transport is critically involved in brain volume homeostasis and in the pathogenesis of brain edema. The cDNA encoding aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channel protein was recently isolated from rat brain. We used immunocytochemistry and high-resolution immunogold electron microscopy to identify the cells and membrane domains that mediate water flux through AQP4. The AQP4 protein is abundant in glial cells bordering the subarachnoidal space, ventricles, and blood vessels. AQP4 is also abundant in osmosensory areas, including the supraoptic nucleus and subfornical organ. Immunogold analysis demonstrated that AQP4 is restricted to glial membranes and to subpopulations of ependymal cells. AQP4 is particularly strongly expressed in glial membranes that are in direct contact with capillaries and pia. The highly polarized AQP4 expression indicates that these cells are equipped with specific membrane domains that are specialized for water transport, thereby mediating the flow of water between glial cells and the cavities filled with CSF and the intravascular space.
Key words: aquaporin-4 water channel; brain water permeability; glial cells; ependymal cells; immunogold electron microscopy; CSF
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