QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

HOME  |   SEARCH  |   ARCHIVE  |   SUBSCRIBE  |   CONTACT  |   HELP

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Submit an eLetter Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in ISI Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (36) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Brandenburg, C. A. Articles by Braas, K. M. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Brandenburg, C. A. Articles by Braas, K. M. Pubmed/NCBI databases Compound via MeSH Substance via MeSH

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Volume 17, Number 11, Issue of June 1, 1997 pp. 4045-4055
Copyright ©1997 Society for Neuroscience

Identification of Endogenous Sympathetic Neuron Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP): Depolarization Regulates Production and Secretion through Induction of Multiple Propeptide Transcripts

Received Feb. 18, 1997; accepted March 4, 1997.

Cynthia A. Brandenburg, Victor May, and Karen M. Braas

Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, The University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Given Health Science Complex, Burlington, Vermont 05405

The vasoactive intestinal peptide/pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP)/secretin/glucagon family of peptides displays numerous physiological roles in autonomic nervous system development and function. The regulated endogenous production and release of PACAP peptides in sympathetic neurons of the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) was investigated. The two posttranslationally processed forms of PACAP, PACAP27 and PACAP38, were identified in rat adult, neonatal, and cultured SCG neurons. PACAP38 levels were ~5-10 fmol/adult SCG and ~2 fmol/neonatal SCG; PACAP27 levels were comparable. The authenticity of peptide immunoreactivity in these tissues was verified by coelution with synthetic PACAP in reverse-phase HPLC analysis. Reverse transcription-PCR and sequence-specific hybridization revealed PACAP mRNA in adult, neonatal, and cultured SCG neurons; in situ hybridization histochemistry and immunocytochemistry localized the PACAP peptide and proPACAP mRNA to a subset of the SCG neuronal population. Basal and stimulated release of endogenous PACAP38 from cultured sympathetic neurons was established, suggesting that these peptides may function as signaling molecules at target tissues. Chronic depolarization with 40 mM potassium stimulated the PACAP secretory rate 10- to 20-fold, with concomitant increases in cellular PACAP peptide and mRNA levels. When examined using Northern analysis, depolarizing conditions not only stimulated the 2.2 kb form of PACAP mRNA, but also induced the expression of a shortened, 0.9 kb, transcript. Further reverse-transcription PCR analysis demonstrated that this smaller transcript was not identical to the unique testicular message. These studies identify PACAP38 and PACAP27 as regulated endogenous releasable peptides contributing to the functional diversity and phenotypic plasticity of the sympathetic nervous system.

Key words: superior cervical ganglion; pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide; PACAP; depolarization; sympathetic; autonomic; vasoactive intestinal peptide

This article has been cited by other articles:

				M. Fukuchi, A. Tabuchi, and M. Tsuda Activity-dependent Transcriptional Activation and mRNA Stabilization for Cumulative Expression of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-activating Polypeptide mRNA Controlled by Calcium and cAMP Signals in Neurons J. Biol. Chem., November 12, 2004; 279(46): 47856 - 47865. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. L. Gray, N. Yamaguchi, P. Vencova, and N. M. Sherwood Temperature-Sensitive Phenotype in Mice Lacking Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide Endocrinology, October 1, 2002; 143(10): 3946 - 3954. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Boehm and H. Kubista Fine Tuning of Sympathetic Transmitter Release via Ionotropic and Metabotropic Presynaptic Receptors Pharmacol. Rev., March 1, 2002; 54(1): 43 - 99. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. M. Sherwood, S. L. Krueckl, and J. E. McRory The Origin and Function of the Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP)/Glucagon Superfamily Endocr. Rev., December 1, 2000; 21(6): 619 - 670. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				D. Vaudry, B. J. Gonzalez, M. Basille, L. Yon, A. Fournier, and H. Vaudry Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide and Its Receptors: From Structure to Functions Pharmacol. Rev., June 1, 2000; 52(2): 269 - 324. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Marx, R. El Meskini, D. C. Johns, and R. E. Mains Differences in the Ways Sympathetic Neurons and Endocrine Cells Process, Store, and Secrete Exogenous Neuropeptides and Peptide-Processing Enzymes J. Neurosci., October 1, 1999; 19(19): 8300 - 8311. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. M. Braas and V. May Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-activating Polypeptides Directly Stimulate Sympathetic Neuron Neuropeptide Y Release through PAC1 Receptor Isoform Activation of Specific Intracellular Signaling Pathways J. Biol. Chem., September 24, 1999; 274(39): 27702 - 27710. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. M. Braas, V. May, S. A. Harakall, J. C. Hardwick, and R. L. Parsons Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide Expression and Modulation of Neuronal Excitability in Guinea Pig Cardiac Ganglia J. Neurosci., December 1, 1998; 18(23): 9766 - 9779. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				X. Ai, S. E. MacPhedran, and A. K. Hall Depolarization Stimulates Initial Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Expression by Embryonic Sensory Neurons In Vitro J. Neurosci., November 15, 1998; 18(22): 9294 - 9302. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home  |   Search  |   Archive  |   Subscribe  |   Contact  |   Help