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Volume 17, Number 11,
Issue of June 1, 1997
pp. 4180-4189
Copyright ©1997 Society for Neuroscience
Reduction of CuZn-Superoxide Dismutase Activity Exacerbates
Neuronal Cell Injury and Edema Formation after Transient Focal Cerebral
Ischemia
Received Jan. 30, 1997; revised March 17, 1997; accepted March 21, 1997.
Takeo Kondo1, 2,
Andrew
G. Reaume4,
Ting-Ting Huang3,
Elaine Carlson3,
Kensuke Murakami1, 2,
Sylvia F. Chen1, 2,
Eric K. Hoffman4,
Richard W. Scott4,
Charles J. Epstein3, and
Pak H. Chan1, 2
Departments of 1 Neurological Surgery,
2 Neurology, and 3 Pediatrics, University of
California School of Medicine, San Francisco, California 94143, and
4 Department of Molecular Biology, Cephalon, Incorporated,
West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380
Apoptotic neuronal cell death has recently been associated with the
development of infarction after cerebral ischemia. In a variety of
studies, CuZn-superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) has been shown to protect
the brain from ischemic injury. A possible role for CuZn-SOD-related
modulation of neuronal viability is suggested by the finding that
CuZn-SOD inhibits apoptotic neuronal cell death in response to some
forms of cellular damage. We evaluated this possibility in the model of
transient focal cerebral ischemia in mice bearing a disruption of the
CuZn-SOD gene (Sod1). Homozygous mutant (Sod1
/ ) mice had no detectable CuZn-SOD activity, and heterozygous mutants (Sod1 +/ ) showed a 50% decrease
compared with wild-type mice. Sod1 / mice showed a
high level of blood-brain barrier disruption soon after 1 hr of middle
cerebral artery occlusion and 100% mortality at 24 hr after ischemia.
Sod1 +/ mice showed 30% mortality at 24 hr after
ischemia, and neurological deficits were exacerbated compared with
wild-type controls. The Sod1 +/ animals also had
increased infarct volume and brain swelling, accompanied by increased
apoptotic neuronal cell death as indicated by the in situ
nick-end labeling technique to detect DNA fragmentation and
morphological criteria. These results suggest that oxygen-free radicals, especially superoxide anions, are an important factor for
the development of infarction by brain edema formation and apoptotic
neuronal cell death after focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.
Key words:
CuZn-superoxide dismutase;
focal cerebral ischemia;
blood-brain barrier;
Evans blue extravasation;
neuronal apoptosis;
TUNEL;
oxidative stress
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K. Murakami, T. Kondo, M. Kawase, Y. Li, S. Sato, S. F. Chen, and P. H. Chan
Mitochondrial Susceptibility to Oxidative Stress Exacerbates Cerebral Infarction That Follows Permanent Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Mutant Mice with Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Deficiency
J. Neurosci.,
January 1, 1998;
18(1):
205 - 213.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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H.-J. Bidmon, K. Kato, A. Schleicher, O. W. Witte, K. Zilles, and R. J. Traystman
Transient Increase of Manganese–Superoxide Dismutase in Remote Brain Areas After Focal Photothrombotic Cortical Lesion • Editorial Comment
Stroke,
January 1, 1998;
29(1):
203 - 211.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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F. Zhang, C. Eckman, S. Younkin, K. K. Hsiao, and C. Iadecola
Increased Susceptibility to Ischemic Brain Damage in Transgenic Mice Overexpressing the Amyloid Precursor Protein
J. Neurosci.,
October 15, 1997;
17(20):
7655 - 7661.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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