 |
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Previous Article | Next Article
Volume 17, Number 14, Issue of July 15, 1997 pp. 5528-5535
Copyright ©1997 Society for NeuroscienceDistributed Neural Systems Underlying the Timing of Movements
Received Feb. 21, 1997; revised April 16, 1997; accepted May 5, 1997.
Stephen M. Rao1, 2, Deborah L. Harrington3, Kathleen Y. Haaland3, Julie A. Bobholz1, Robert W. Cox2, and Jeffrey R. Binder1, 2 1 Department of Neurology and the 2 Biophysics Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, and 3 Research and Psychology Services, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108
Timing is essential to the execution of skilled movements, yet our knowledge of the neural systems underlying timekeeping operations is limited. Using whole-brain functional magnetic resonance imaging, subjects were imaged while tapping with their right index finger in synchrony with tones that were separated by constant intervals [Synchronization (S)], followed by tapping without the benefit of an auditory cue [Continuation (C)]. Two control conditions followed in which subjects listened to tones and then made pitch discriminations (D). Both the S and the C conditions produced equivalent activation within the left sensorimotor cortex, the right cerebellum (dorsal dentate nucleus), and the right superior temporal gyrus (STG). Only the C condition produced activation of a medial premotor system, including the caudal supplementary motor area (SMA), the left putamen, and the left ventrolateral thalamus. The C condition also activated a region within the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), which is functionally interconnected with auditory cortex. Both control conditions produced bilateral activation of the STG, and the D condition also activated the rostral SMA. These results suggest that the internal generation of precisely timed movements is dependent on three interrelated neural systems, one that is involved in explicit timing (putamen, ventrolateral thalamus, SMA), one that mediates auditory sensory memory (IFG, STG), and another that is involved in sensorimotor processing (dorsal dentate nucleus, sensorimotor cortex).
Key words: functional magnetic resonance imaging; movement; timing; basal ganglia; thalamus; supplementary motor area; cerebellum
This article has been cited by other articles:
J. T. Coull, B. Nazarian, and F. Vidal
Timing, Storage, and Comparison of Stimulus Duration Engage Discrete Anatomical Components of a Perceptual Timing Network
J. Cogn. Neurosci., December 1, 2008; 20(12): 2185 - 2197.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
J. L. Chen, V. B. Penhune, and R. J. Zatorre
Listening to Musical Rhythms Recruits Motor Regions of the Brain
Cereb Cortex, December 1, 2008; 18(12): 2844 - 2854.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
A. Floel, F. Hummel, J. Duque, S. Knecht, and L. G. Cohen
Influence of Somatosensory Input on Interhemispheric Interactions in Patients With Chronic Stroke
Neurorehabil Neural Repair, September 1, 2008; 22(5): 477 - 485.
[Abstract] [PDF]
B. Pollok, J. Gross, D. Kamp, and A. Schnitzler
Evidence for Anticipatory Motor Control within a Cerebello-Diencephalic-Parietal Network.
J. Cogn. Neurosci., May 1, 2008; 20(5): 828 - 840.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
M. Brunetti, S. Della Penna, A. Ferretti, C. Del Gratta, F. Cianflone, P. Belardinelli, M. Caulo, V. Pizzella, M. Olivetti Belardinelli, and G. L. Romani
A Frontoparietal Network for Spatial Attention Reorienting in the Auditory Domain: A Human fMRI/MEG Study of Functional and Temporal Dynamics
Cereb Cortex, May 1, 2008; 18(5): 1139 - 1147.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
D. Bueti, V. Walsh, C. Frith, and G. Rees
Different brain circuits underlie motor and perceptual representations of temporal intervals.
J. Cogn. Neurosci., February 1, 2008; 20(2): 204 - 214.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
J. L. Chen, V. B. Penhune, and R. J. Zatorre
Moving on Time: Brain Network for Auditory-Motor Synchronization is Modulated by Rhythm Complexity and Musical Training.
J. Cogn. Neurosci., February 1, 2008; 20(2): 226 - 239.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
H. Merchant, W. Zarco, and L. Prado
Do We Have a Common Mechanism for Measuring Time in the Hundreds of Millisecond Range? Evidence From Multiple-Interval Timing Tasks
J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2008; 99(2): 939 - 949.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
E. Tardif, A. Probst, and S. Clarke
Laminar Specificity of Intrinsic Connections in Broca's Area
Cereb Cortex, December 1, 2007; 17(12): 2949 - 2960.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
A. Biess, D. G. Liebermann, and T. Flash
A Computational Model for Redundant Human Three-Dimensional Pointing Movements: Integration of Independent Spatial and Temporal Motor Plans Simplifies Movement Dynamics
J. Neurosci., November 28, 2007; 27(48): 13045 - 13064.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
M. F. Del Olmo, B. Cheeran, G. Koch, and J. C. Rothwell
Role of the Cerebellum in Externally Paced Rhythmic Finger Movements
J Neurophysiol, July 1, 2007; 98(1): 145 - 152.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
N. Levit-Binnun, N. Z. Handzy, A. Peled, I. Modai, and E. Moses
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in a Finger-tapping Task Separates Motor from Timing Mechanisms and Induces Frequency Doubling.
J. Cogn. Neurosci., May 1, 2007; 19(5): 721 - 733.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
J. A. Grahn and M. Brett
Rhythm and beat perception in motor areas of the brain.
J. Cogn. Neurosci., May 1, 2007; 19(5): 893 - 906.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
A. J. Suminski, S. M. Rao, K. M. Mosier, and R. A. Scheidt
Neural and Electromyographic Correlates of Wrist Posture Control
J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2007; 97(2): 1527 - 1545.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
R. Matsumoto, D. R. Nair, E. LaPresto, W. Bingaman, H. Shibasaki, and H. O. Luders
Functional connectivity in human cortical motor system: a cortico-cortical evoked potential study
Brain, January 1, 2007; 130(1): 181 - 197.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
D. S. Bassett, A. Meyer-Lindenberg, S. Achard, T. Duke, and E. Bullmore
From the Cover: Adaptive reconfiguration of fractal small-world human brain functional networks
PNAS, December 19, 2006; 103(51): 19518 - 19523.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
M. Jahanshahi, C. R. G. Jones, G. Dirnberger, and C. D. Frith
The Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta and Temporal Processing.
J. Neurosci., November 22, 2006; 26(47): 12266 - 12273.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
R. B. Postuma and A. Dagher
Basal Ganglia Functional Connectivity Based on a Meta-Analysis of 126 Positron Emission Tomography and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Publications
Cereb Cortex, October 1, 2006; 16(10): 1508 - 1521.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
T. Verstynen, T. Konkle, and R. B. Ivry
Two Types of TMS-Induced Movement Variability After Stimulation of the Primary Motor Cortex
J Neurophysiol, September 1, 2006; 96(3): 1018 - 1029.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
S. Brown, M. J. Martinez, and L. M. Parsons
The Neural Basis of Human Dance
Cereb Cortex, August 1, 2006; 16(8): 1157 - 1167.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
D. Xu, T. Liu, J. Ashe, and K. O. Bushara
Role of the olivo-cerebellar system in timing.
J. Neurosci., May 31, 2006; 26(22): 5990 - 5995.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
K. Drewing, G. Aschersleben, and S.-C. Li
Sensorimotor synchronization across the life span
International Journal of Behavioral Development, May 1, 2006; 30(3): 280 - 287.
[Abstract] [PDF]
N. Wenderoth, F. Debaere, S. Sunaert, P. v. Hecke, and S. P. Swinnen
Parieto-premotor Areas Mediate Directional Interference During Bimanual Movements
Cereb Cortex, October 1, 2004; 14(10): 1153 - 1163.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
M. Dennis, K. Edelstein, R. Hetherington, K. Copeland, J. Frederick, S. E. Blaser, L. A. Kramer, J. M. Drake, M. Brandt, and J. M. Fletcher
Neurobiology of perceptual and motor timing in children with spina bifida in relation to cerebellar volume
Brain, June 1, 2004; 127(6): 1292 - 1301.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
K. J. Jantzen, F. L. Steinberg, and J. A. S. Kelso
Brain networks underlying human timing behavior are influenced by prior context
PNAS, April 27, 2004; 101(17): 6815 - 6820.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
T. Wu, K. Kansaku, and M. Hallett
How Self-Initiated Memorized Movements Become Automatic: A Functional MRI Study
J Neurophysiol, April 1, 2004; 91(4): 1690 - 1698.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
J. T. Coull, F. Vidal, B. Nazarian, and F. Macar
Functional Anatomy of the Attentional Modulation of Time Estimation
Science, March 5, 2004; 303(5663): 1506 - 1508.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
D. L. Harrington, R. R. Lee, L. A. Boyd, S. Z. Rapcsak, and R. T. Knight
Does the representation of time depend on the cerebellum?: Effect of cerebellar stroke
Brain, March 1, 2004; 127(3): 561 - 574.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
D. C. Knight, D. T. Cheng, C. N. Smith, E. A. Stein, and F. J. Helmstetter
Neural Substrates Mediating Human Delay and Trace Fear Conditioning
J. Neurosci., January 7, 2004; 24(1): 218 - 228.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
M. A. Mohamed, D. M. Yousem, A. Tekes, N. M. Browner, and V. D. Calhoun
Timing of Cortical Activation: A Latency-Resolved Event-Related Functional MR Imaging Study
AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., November 1, 2003; 24(10): 1967 - 1974.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
F. Ullen, H. Forssberg, and H. H. Ehrsson
Neural Networks for the Coordination of the Hands in Time
J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2003; 89(2): 1126 - 1135.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
A. Mecklinger, C. Gruenewald, M. Besson, M.-N. Magnie, and D. Y. Von Cramon
Separable Neuronal Circuitries for Manipulable and Non-manipulable Objects in Working Memory
Cereb Cortex, November 1, 2002; 12(11): 1115 - 1123.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
S. L. Small, P. Hlustik, D. C. Noll, C. Genovese, and A. Solodkin
Cerebellar hemispheric activation ipsilateral to the paretic hand correlates with functional recovery after stroke
Brain, July 1, 2002; 125(7): 1544 - 1557.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
N. Sawamoto, M. Honda, T. Hanakawa, H. Fukuyama, and H. Shibasaki
Cognitive Slowing in Parkinson's Disease: A Behavioral Evaluation Independent of Motor Slowing
J. Neurosci., June 15, 2002; 22(12): 5198 - 5203.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
V. B. Penhune and J. Doyon
Dynamic Cortical and Subcortical Networks in Learning and Delayed Recall of Timed Motor Sequences
J. Neurosci., February 15, 2002; 22(4): 1397 - 1406.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
R. I. Schubotz and D. Y. von Cramon
Interval and Ordinal Properties of Sequences Are Associated with Distinct Premotor Areas
Cereb Cortex, March 1, 2001; 11(3): 210 - 222.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
C. H. Moritz, V. M. Haughton, D. Cordes, M. Quigley, and M. E. Meyerand
Whole-brain Functional MR Imaging Activation from a Finger-tapping Task Examined with Independent Component Analysis
AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., October 1, 2000; 21(9): 1629 - 1635.
[Abstract] [Full Text]
T. D. Griffiths
Musical hallucinosis in acquired deafness: Phenomenology and brain substrate
Brain, October 1, 2000; 123(10): 2065 - 2076.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
C. H. Moritz, M. E. Meyerand, D. Cordes, and V. M. Haughton
Functional MR Imaging Activation after Finger Tapping Has a Shorter Duration in the Basal Ganglia Than in the Sensorimotor Cortex
AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., July 1, 2000; 21(7): 1228 - 1234.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
K. Sakai, O. Hikosaka, R. Takino, S. Miyauchi, M. Nielsen, and T. Tamada
What and When: Parallel and Convergent Processing in Motor Control
J. Neurosci., April 1, 2000; 20(7): 2691 - 2700.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
R. Kawashima, J. Okuda, A. Umetsu, M. Sugiura, K. Inoue, K. Suzuki, M. Tabuchi, T. Tsukiura, S. L. Narayan, T. Nagasaka, et al.
Human Cerebellum Plays an Important Role in Memory-Timed Finger Movement: An fMRI Study
J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2000; 83(2): 1079 - 1087.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
A. R. Halpern and R. J. Zatorre
When That Tune Runs Through Your Head: A PET Investigation of Auditory Imagery for Familiar Melodies
Cereb Cortex, October 1, 1999; 9(7): 697 - 704.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
M. Lotze, P. Montoya, M. Erb, E. Hülsmann, H. Flor, U. Klose, N. Birbaumer, and W. Grodd
Activation of Cortical and Cerebellar Motor Areas during Executed and Imagined Hand Movements: An fMRI Study
J. Cogn. Neurosci., September 1, 1999; 11(5): 491 - 501.
[Abstract] [Full Text]
B. Crespo-Facorro, S. Paradiso, N. C. Andreasen, D. S. O'Leary, G. L. Watkins, L. L. Boles Ponto, and R. D. Hichwa
Recalling Word Lists Reveals "Cognitive Dysmetria" in Schizophrenia: A Positron Emission Tomography Study
Am J Psychiatry, March 1, 1999; 156(3): 386 - 392.
[Abstract] [Full Text]
D. L. Harrington, S. M. Rao, K. Y. Haaland, J. A. Bobholz, A. R. Mayer, J. R. Binder, and R. W. Cox
Specialized Neural Systems Underlying Representations of Sequential Movements
J. Cogn. Neurosci., January 1, 1999; 12(1): 56 - 77.
[Abstract] [Full Text]
J. T. Coull and A. C. Nobre
Where and When to Pay Attention: The Neural Systems for Directing Attention to Spatial Locations and to Time Intervals as Revealed by Both PET and fMRI
J. Neurosci., September 15, 1998; 18(18): 7426 - 7435.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
S. E. Petersen, H. van Mier, J. A. Fiez, and M. E. Raichle
The effects of practice on the functional anatomy of task performance
PNAS, February 3, 1998; 95(3): 853 - 860.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
D. L. Harrington, K. Y. Haaland, and R. T. Knight
Cortical Networks Underlying Mechanisms of Time Perception
J. Neurosci., February 1, 1998; 18(3): 1085 - 1095.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|