QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

HOME  |   SEARCH  |   ARCHIVE  |   SUBSCRIBE  |   CONTACT  |   HELP

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Submit an eLetter Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in ISI Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (112) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Betarbet, R. Articles by Greenamyre, J. T. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Betarbet, R. Articles by Greenamyre, J. T.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Volume 17, Number 17, Issue of September 1, 1997 pp. 6761-6768
Copyright ©1997 Society for Neuroscience

Dopaminergic Neurons Intrinsic to the Primate Striatum

Received April 21, 1997; revised June 4, 1997; accepted June 11, 1997.

Ranjita Betarbet¹, Robert Turner.¹, Vijay Chockkan¹, Mahlon R. DeLong¹, Kelly A. Allers², Judith Walters³, Allan I. Levey¹, and J. Timothy Greenamyre^{1, 4, 5}

¹ Department of Neurology, ² Graduate Program in Neuroscience, ⁴ Department of Pharmacology, and the ⁵ Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, and the ³ Laboratory of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1406

Intrinsic, striatal tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive (TH-i) cells have received little consideration. In this study we have characterized these neurons and their regulatory response to nigrostriatal dopaminergic deafferentation. TH-i cells were observed in the striatum of both control and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated monkeys; TH-i cell counts, however, were 3.5-fold higher in the striatum of MPTP-lesioned monkeys. To establish the dopaminergic nature of the TH-i cells, sections were double-labeled with antibodies to dopamine transporter (DAT). Immunofluorescence studies demonstrated that nearly all TH-i cells were double-labeled with DAT, suggesting that they contain the machinery to be functional dopaminergic neurons. Two types of TH-i cells were identified in the striatum: small, aspiny, bipolar cells with varicose dendrites and larger spiny, multipolar cells. The aspiny cells, which were more prevalent, corresponded morphologically to the GABAergic interneurons of the striatum. Double-label immunofluorescence studies using antibodies to TH and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD₆₇), the synthetic enzyme for GABA, showed that 99% of the TH-i cells were GAD₆₇-positive. Very few (<1%) of the TH-i cells, however, were immunoreactive for the calcium-binding proteins calbindin and parvalbumin. In summary, these results demonstrate that the dopaminergic cell population of the striatum responds to dopamine denervation by increasing in number, apparently to compensate for loss of extrinsic dopaminergic innervation. Moreover, this population of cells corresponds largely with the intrinsic GABAergic cells of the striatum. This study also suggests that the adult primate striatum does retain some intrinsic capacity to compensate for dopaminergic cell loss.

Key words: striatum; dopaminergic cells; Parkinson's disease-treated monkeys; dopamine transporter; glutamic acid decarboxylase; calbindin; parvalbumin

This article has been cited by other articles:

				L. Zecca, C. Bellei, P. Costi, A. Albertini, E. Monzani, L. Casella, M. Gallorini, L. Bergamaschi, A. Moscatelli, N. J. Turro, et al. New melanic pigments in the human brain that accumulate in aging and block environmental toxic metals PNAS, November 11, 2008; 105(45): 17567 - 17572. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Lee, W.-M. Zhu, D. Stanic, D. I. Finkelstein, M. H. Horne, J. Henderson, A. J. Lawrence, L. O'Connor, D. Tomas, J. Drago, et al. Sprouting of dopamine terminals and altered dopamine release and uptake in Parkinsonian dyskinaesia Brain, June 1, 2008; 131(6): 1574 - 1587. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. San Sebastian, J. Guillen, M. Manrique, S. Belzunegui, E. Ciordia, A. Izal-Azcarate, P. Garrido-Gil, M. Vazquez-Claverie, and M. R. Luquin Modification of the number and phenotype of striatal dopaminergic cells by carotid body graft Brain, May 1, 2007; 130(5): 1306 - 1316. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Geraerts, O. Krylyshkina, Z. Debyser, and V. Baekelandt Concise Review: Therapeutic Strategies for Parkinson Disease Based on the Modulation of Adult Neurogenesis Stem Cells, February 1, 2007; 25(2): 263 - 270. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Huot, M. Levesque, and A. Parent The fate of striatal dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease and Huntington's chorea Brain, January 1, 2007; 130(1): 222 - 232. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Tande, G. Hoglinger, T. Debeir, N. Freundlieb, E. C. Hirsch, and C. Francois New striatal dopamine neurons in MPTP-treated macaques result from a phenotypic shift and not neurogenesis Brain, May 1, 2006; 129(5): 1194 - 1200. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Palfi, L. Leventhal, Y. Chu, S. Y. Ma, M. Emborg, R. Bakay, N. Deglon, P. Hantraye, P. Aebischer, and J. H. Kordower Lentivirally Delivered Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Increases the Number of Striatal Dopaminergic Neurons in Primate Models of Nigrostriatal Degeneration J. Neurosci., June 15, 2002; 22(12): 4942 - 4954. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Aubert, J. Guiramand, A. Croce, G. Roch, A. Szafarczyk, and M. Vignes An Endogenous Adrenoceptor Ligand Potentiates Excitatory Synaptic Transmission in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons Cereb Cortex, September 1, 2001; 11(9): 878 - 887. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Fang and O. K. Ronnekleiv Cocaine Upregulates the Dopamine Transporter in Fetal Rhesus Monkey Brain J. Neurosci., October 15, 1999; 19(20): 8966 - 8978. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. M. Daadi and S. Weiss Generation of Tyrosine Hydroxylase-Producing Neurons from Precursors of the Embryonic and Adult Forebrain J. Neurosci., June 1, 1999; 19(11): 4484 - 4497. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Rodriguez and T. Gonzalez-Hernandez Electrophysiological and Morphological Evidence for a GABAergic Nigrostriatal Pathway J. Neurosci., June 1, 1999; 19(11): 4682 - 4694. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Sumi-Ichinose, F. Urano, R. Kuroda, T. Ohye, M. Kojima, M. Tazawa, H. Shiraishi, Y. Hagino, T. Nagatsu, T. Nomura, et al. Catecholamines and Serotonin Are Differently Regulated by Tetrahydrobiopterin. A STUDY FROM 6-PYRUVOYLTETRAHYDROPTERIN SYNTHASE KNOCKOUT MICE J. Biol. Chem., October 26, 2001; 276(44): 41150 - 41160. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home  |   Search  |   Archive  |   Subscribe  |   Contact  |   Help