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Volume 17, Number 17,
Issue of September 1, 1997
pp. 6783-6797
Copyright ©1997 Society for Neuroscience
Cellular-Synaptic Generation of Sleep Spindles, Spike-and-Wave
Discharges, and Evoked Thalamocortical Responses in the Neocortex of
the Rat
Received April 23, 1997; revised June 2, 1997; accepted June 16, 1997.
Adam Kandel and
György Buzsáki
Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers, The
State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07102
Thalamocortical neuronal oscillations underlie various field
potentials that are expressed in the neocortex, including sleep spindles and high voltage spike-and-wave patterns (HVSs). The mechanism
of extracellular current generation in the neocortex was studied in the
anesthetized and awake rat. Field potentials and unit activity were
recorded simultaneously along trajectories perpendicular to the
cortical layers at spatial intervals of 100 µm by multiple-site
recording silicon probes. Current source density (CSD) analysis
revealed that the spatial positions of sinks in layers IV, V-VI, and
II-III and of the accompanying sources were similar during sleep
spindles, HVSs, and thalamic-evoked responses, although their relative
strengths and timings differed. The magnitude and relative timing of
the multiple pairs of sinks and sources determined the amplitude
variability of HVSs and sleep spindles. The presence of temporally
shifted dipoles was also supported by the time distribution of unit
discharges in different layers. Putative interneurons discharged with
repetitive bursts of 300-500 Hz. The spike component of HVSs was
associated with fast field oscillations (400-600 Hz "ripples").
Discharges of pyramidal cells were phase-locked to the ripples. These
findings indicate that the major extracellular currents underlying
sleep spindles, HVSs, and evoked responses result from activation of
intracortical circuitries. We hypothesize that the fast field ripples
reflect summed IPSPs in pyramidal cells resulting from the high
frequency barrage of interneurons.
Key words:
oscillation;
petit mal epilepsy;
interneurons;
field
potential;
EEG;
membrane currents;
thalamocortical system
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