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Volume 17, Number 24,
Issue of December 15, 1997
pp. 9520-9535
Identification of Caveolin and Caveolin-Related Proteins in
the Brain
Received March 25, 1997; revised Sept. 30, 1997; accepted Oct. 7, 1997.
Patricia L. Cameron,
Johnna W. Ruffin,
Roni Bollag,
Howard Rasmussen, and
Richard S. Cameron
Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical College of
Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912-3175
Caveolae are 50-100 nm, nonclathrin-coated, flask-shaped plasma
membrane microdomains that have been identified in most mammalian cell
types, except lymphocytes and neurons. To date, multiple functions have
been ascribed to caveolae, including the compartmentalization of lipid
and protein components that function in transmembrane signaling events,
biosynthetic transport functions, endocytosis, potocytosis, and
transcytosis. Caveolin, a 21-24 kDa integral membrane protein, is the
principal structural component of caveolae. We have initiated studies
to examine the relationship of detergent-insoluble complexes identified
in astrocytes to the caveolin-caveolae compartment detected in cells
of peripheral tissues. Immunolocalization studies performed in
astrocytes reveal caveolin immunoreactivity in regions that correlate
well to the distribution of caveolae and caveolin determined in other
cell types, and electron microscopic studies reveal multiple clusters
of flask-shaped invaginations aligned along the plasma membrane.
Immunoblot analyses demonstrate that detergent-insoluble complexes
isolated from astrocytes are composed of caveolin-1 , an
identification verified by Northern blot analyses and by the cloning of
a cDNA using reverse transcriptase-PCR amplification from total
astrocyte RNA. Using a full-length caveolin-1 probe, Northern blot
analyses suggest that the expression of caveolin-1 may be regulated
during brain development. Immunoblot analyses of detergent-insoluble
complexes isolated from cerebral cortex and cerebellum identify two
immunoreactive polypeptides with apparent molecular weight and
isoelectric points appropriate for caveolin. The identification of
caveolae microdomains and caveolin-1 in astrocytes and brain, as well
as the apparent regulation of caveolin-1 expression during brain
development, identifies a cell compartment not detected previously in
brain.
Key words:
caveolae;
caveolin;
astroglial cells;
nervous system
proteins;
plasmalemmal vesicles;
membrane transport
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