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Volume 17, Number 4,
Issue of February 15, 1997
pp. 1339-1349
Copyright ©1997 Society for Neuroscience
Regional Expression and Cellular Localization of the
1 and Subunit of High Voltage-Activated Calcium
Channels in Rat Brain
Received Sept. 13, 1996; revised Dec. 2, 1996; accepted Dec. 13, 1996.
Andreas Ludwig,
Veit Flockerzi, and
Franz Hofmann
Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie der Technischen
Universität München, 80802 München, Germany
The neuronal high voltage-activated calcium channels are a family
of ion channels composed from up to five different 1 and four different subunits. The neuronal distribution and subunit composition of calcium channels were investigated using
subunit-specific antibodies and riboprobes. The subunit-specific
antibodies identified the presence of 1a in skeletal
muscle; 2 in heart; and 2,
3, and 4 in brain. The 3
protein was widely distributed in rat brain, with prominent labeling of
olfactory bulb, cortex, hippocampus, and habenula. The 4
protein was also widely expressed, most prominently in the cerebellum.
2 protein was expressed at only low levels. In
situ hybridization with subunit-specific riboprobes
confirmed the differential expression pattern of the individual
subunits. Hybridization with riboprobes specific for the
1A, 1B, 1C, and
1D subunits showed a broad distribution of
1A and 1B transcripts, whereas the
expression level of 1C and 1D mRNA was
lower and more spatially restricted. The overall expression pattern and cellular localization suggested that 4 may associate
predominantly, but probably not exclusively, with the 1A
subunit, and 3 with the 1B subunit.
In certain brain areas such as the habenula, the
3 subunit may associate with other 1
subunits too. Furthermore, the 2 subunit may form
complexes with different 1 subunits in brain and cardiac
muscle. These results demonstrate that a given subunit may
associate with different 1 subunits in a cell
type-dependent manner, contributing to the diversity of the neuronal
calcium channels.
Key words:
ion channel;
calcium channel;
brain;
hippocampus;
cerebellum;
olfactory bulb;
habenula
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