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 Previous Article
Volume 17, Number 6,
Issue of March 15, 1997
pp. 2227-2246
Copyright ©1997 Society for Neuroscience
Dynamics of Single Neuron Activity in Monkey Primary Motor Cortex
Related to Sensorimotor Transformation
Received Aug. 28, 1996; revised Nov. 8, 1996; accepted Nov. 18, 1996.
Jun Zhang1,
Alexa Riehle2,
Jean Requin2, , and
Sylvan Kornblum3
1 Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann
Arbor, Michigan 48109, 2 Center for Research in Cognitive
Neuroscience, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France, and 3 Mental Health Research
Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
We investigated the dynamics of neuronal activity related to
sensorimotor transformation during single experimental trials of a
given stimulus-response (S-R) association task. A monkey was trained
to perform wrist extension/flexion movements in the horizontal plane to
align a pointer with a visual target while single unit activity in the
primary motor cortex (MI) was being recorded. The stimulus was a
colored light-emitting diode (LED) presented to either the left or
right of a central reference point. The monkey had to point directly at
the target ("compatible" S-R mapping) or point to the opposite side
of the target position ("incompatible" S-R mapping), with the
mapping rule specified by the color of the LED. Single neuron
activities on the four correct trials (left/right stimulus × compatible/incompatible S-R mapping) were compared to determine whether
such activities were more related to stimulus encoding and
representation, to response preparation and execution, or to the
"decision" processes translating the stimulus representation into a
response representation. A novel mathematical technique, called LOCUS
ANALYSIS, has been developed to quantitatively analyze and visualize
the contribution of neuronal activity toward the sensory, motor, or
sensorimotor (i.e., decisional) aspects of the task. Our data show that
as a trial evolves, neuronal activity in MI, at a population level, is
first correlated with the representation of the specific stimulus (the
side of LED), then with the representation of the S-R mapping rule (the
color of LED) as well as trial-specific S-R association (the
conjunction of stimulus side and stimulus color), and finally with the
representation of the behavioral response (extension or flexion wrist
movement). Immediately after the issuance of the movement command, the
populational activity in MI remains correlated with the trial-specific
stimulus-response conjunctions, i.e., the context of the motor decision
that the monkey has just made. Cells recorded successively in a single
penetration tend to resemble each other in their pattern of firing on
the four correct trials, suggesting a modular organization of neurons
based on their functional role in the processing of the S-R association task. Our results indicate that MI belongs to a distributed network such that its neuronal activity reflects the underlying network dynamics that translate a stimulus representation into a response representation via the activation and application of appropriate S-R
mapping rule.
Key words:
sensorimotor transformation;
decision;
primary motor
cortex;
compatibility;
LOCUS ANALYSIS;
wrist extension/flexion
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