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Volume 17, Number 8,
Issue of April 15, 1997
pp. 2807-2812
Copyright ©1997 Society for Neuroscience
Functional Neuroanatomy of Human Slow Wave Sleep
Received Nov. 15, 1996; revised Jan. 30, 1997; accepted Feb. 6, 1997.
Pierre Maquet1, 2,
Christian Degueldre1,
Guy Delfiore1,
Joël Aerts1,
Jean-Marie Péters1,
André Luxen1, and
Georges Franck1, 2
1 Cyclotron Research Center, University of
Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium, and
2 Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier
Universitaire Liège, Belgium
The distribution of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was
estimated during sleep and wakefulness by using
H215O positron emission tomography (PET) and
statistical parametric mapping. A group analysis on 11 good sleepers (8 with steady slow wave sleep, SWS) showed a significant negative
correlation between the occurrence of SWS and rCBF in dorsal pons and
mesencephalon, thalami, basal ganglia, basal forebrain/hypothalamus,
orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, and, on the
right side, in a region that follows the medial aspect of the temporal lobe. Given the known decrease in global cerebral blood flow levels during SWS, these negative correlations suggest that rCBF is decreased significantly more in these cerebral areas than in the rest of the
brain.
The marked rCBF decreases in the pons, mesencephalon, thalamic nuclei,
and basal forebrain reflect their close implication in the generation
of SWS rhythms. The influence of these rhythms on the telencephalon
usually are thought to be global and homogeneous. In contrast, our
results show that rCBF is decreased more in some cortical areas
(especially in orbitofrontal cortex) than in the rest of the cortex. We
hypothesize that cellular processes taking place during SWS might be
modulated differently in these regions.
Given the functions of the ventromedial frontal areas, we surmise
that SWS might be particularly critical for the adaptation of behavior
to environmental pressures. This hypothesis is supported indirectly by
results of sleep deprivation experiments.
Key words:
slow wave sleep;
cerebral blood flow;
sleep deprivation;
REM sleep;
positron emission tomography;
statistical parametric
mapping;
cerebral function
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