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The Journal of Neuroscience, June 15, 1998, 18(12):4705-4721
Innervation of Histaminergic Tuberomammillary Neurons by
GABAergic and Galaninergic Neurons in the Ventrolateral Preoptic
Nucleus of the Rat
Jonathan E.
Sherin1, 2,
Joel K.
Elmquist1,
Fernando
Torrealba1, 3, and
Clifford B.
Saper1
1 Department of Neurology and Program in Neuroscience,
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Massachusetts 02215, 2 Committee on Neurobiology,
University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and
3 Facultad Ciencias Biologicas, Pontificia Universidad
Catolica de Chile, Santiago 22, Chile
The tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) is the major source of
histaminergic innervation of the mammalian brain and is thought to play
a major role in regulating wake-sleep states. We recently found that
sleep-active neurons in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO)
provide a major input to the TMN, but the specificity of this
projection and the neurotransmitters involved remain unknown. In this
study, we examined the relationship of VLPO efferents to the TMN using
both retrograde and anterograde tracing, combined with
immunocytochemistry. We found that the descending projection from the
VLPO selectively targets the cell bodies and proximal dendrites of the
histaminergic TMN. In addition, VLPO axons could be traced into the
brainstem, where they provided terminals in the the serotoninergic
dorsal and median raphe nuclei, and the core of the noradrenergic locus
coeruleus. Approximately 80% of the VLPO neurons that were
retrogradely labeled by tracer injections including the TMN were
immunoreactive either for galanin or for glutamic acid decarboxylase
(GAD), the synthetic enzyme for GABA. Virtually all of the galaninergic
neurons in the VLPO were also GAD positive. Our results indicate that
the VLPO may provide inhibitory GABAergic and galaninergic inputs to
the cell bodies and proximal dendrites of the TMN and other components
of the ascending monoaminergic arousal system. Because these cell
groups are simultaneously inhibited during sleep, the VLPO sleep-active
neurons may play a key role in silencing the ascending monoaminergic
arousal system during sleep.
Key words:
sleep; arousal; basal forebrain; preoptic area; posterior
hypothalamus; histamine
Copyright © 1998 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/98/18124705-17$05.00/0
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