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The Journal of Neuroscience, November 15, 1998, 18(22):9489-9499
Functional Streams and Local Connections of Layer 4C Neurons in
Primary Visual Cortex of the Macaque Monkey
N. Harumi
Yabuta and
Edward M.
Callaway
Systems Neurobiology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for
Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037
The primate visual system is composed of multiple, functionally
specialized cortical areas. The functional diversity among areas is
thought to reflect different contributions from early parallel visual
pathways to the area V1 neurons providing input to "higher"
cortical areas. The M pathway is believed to provide information about
motion and contrast, via layer 4B of V1, to dorsal visual areas. The P
pathway is believed to provide information about shape and color, via
layer 2/3 of V1, to ventral visual areas, with specialized
contributions from cytochrome-oxidase (CO) blob versus interblob
neurons. However, the detailed anatomical relationships between the M
and P pathways and the neurons in V1 that provide input to higher
extrastriate cortical areas are poorly understood. To study these
relationships, spiny stellate neurons in the M- and P-recipient layers
of V1, 4C and 4C , respectively, were intracellularly labeled, and
their axonal and dendritic arbors were reconstructed. We find that
neurons with dendrites in upper layer 4C project axons to layer 4B
and CO blobs in layer 2/3, thus relaying M input to these regions.
Other neurons in lower layer 4C provide M input to interblobs. These
cells have either (1) dendrites restricted to lower layer 4C and
axons specifically targeting layer 2/3 interblobs, or (2) dendrites in
lower 4C and 4C and axons targeting blobs and interblobs.
P-recipient layer 4C neurons have dense axonal arbors in both blobs
and interblobs but not layer 4B. Quantitative analyses reveal that
4C cells provide approximately five times more synapses than 4C
cells to layer 4B, whereas 4C cells provide five times more synapses than 4C cells to layer 2/3. These observations imply that M input is
dominant in layer 4B. In layer 2/3, both blobs and interblobs receive M
and P input, but the P input is dominant, and M input to interblobs
derives exclusively from a subpopulation of M afferents that targets
lower 4C, not from afferents targeting only upper 4C (cf. ). We speculate that the M and P pathways to interblobs
are "X-like" linear systems, whereas blobs also receive nonlinear
"Y-like" M input.
Key words:
functional streams; local circuits; macaque; primary
visual cortex; primate; V1
Copyright © 1998 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/98/18229489-11$05.00/0
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