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The Journal of Neuroscience, December 1, 1998, 18(23):10037-10044
Specific and Differential Activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein
Kinase Cascades by Unfamiliar Taste in the Insular Cortex of the
Behaving Rat
Diego E.
Berman1,
Shoshi
Hazvi1,
Kobi
Rosenblum1,
Rony
Seger2, and
Yadin
Dudai1
Departments of 1 Neurobiology and
2 Biological Regulation, The Weizmann Institute of Science,
Rehovot 76100, Israel
Rats were given to drink an unfamiliar taste solution under
conditions that result in long-term memory of that taste. The insular
cortex, which contains the taste cortex, was then removed and assayed
for activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades by
using antibodies to the activated forms of various MAPKs. Extracellular
responsive kinase 1-2 (ERK1-2) in the cortical homogenate was
significantly activated within <30 min of drinking the taste solution,
without alteration in the total level of the ERK1-2 proteins. The
activity subsided to basal levels within <60 min. In contrast, ERK1-2
was not activated when the taste was made familiar. The effect of the
unfamiliar taste was specific to the insular cortex. Jun N-terminal
kinase 1-2 (JNK1-2) was activated by drinking the taste but
with a delayed time course, whereas the activity of Akt kinase
and p38MAPK remained unchanged. Elk-1, a member of the ternary
complex factor and an ERK/JNK downstream substrate, was activated with
a time course similar to that of ERK1-2. Microinjection of a
reversible inhibitor of MAPK/ERK kinase into the insular cortex shortly
before exposure to the novel taste in a conditioned taste aversion
training paradigm attenuated long-term taste aversion memory without
significantly affecting short-term memory or the sensory, motor, and
motivational faculties required to express long-term taste aversion
memory. It was concluded that ERK and JNK are specifically and
differentially activated in the insular cortex after exposure to a
novel taste, and that this activation is required for consolidation of
long-term taste memory.
Key words:
taste; incidental learning; conditioned taste aversion; long-term memory; insular cortex; mitogen-activated protein kinase; novelty
Copyright © 1998 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/98/182310037-08$05.00/0
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