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Previous Article | Next Article
The Journal of Neuroscience, May 1, 1998, 18(9):3206-3212
Experience-Induced Neurogenesis in the Senescent Dentate Gyrus
Gerd Kempermann1, H. Georg Kuhn1, 2, and Fred H. Gage1 1 The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Laboratory of Genetics, La Jolla, California 92037, and 2 Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
We demonstrate here that under physiological conditions neurogenesis continues to occur in the dentate gyrus of senescent mice and can be stimulated by living in an enriched environment. Neurogenesis was investigated by confocal microscopy of three-channel immunofluorescent staining for the proliferation marker bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and neuronal and glial markers. Quantification was performed with unbiased stereological counting techniques. Neurogenesis decreased with increasing age. Stimulation of adult and aged mice by switching from standard housing to an enriched environment with opportunities for social interaction, exploration, and physical activity for 68 d resulted in an increased survival of labeled cells. Phenotypic analysis revealed that, in enriched living animals, relatively more cells differentiated into neurons, resulting in a threefold net increase of BrdU-labeled neurons in 20-month-old mice (105 vs 32 cells) and a more than twofold increase in 8-month-old mice (684 vs 285 cells) compared with littermates living under standard laboratory conditions. Corresponding absolute numbers of BrdU-positive astrocytes and BrdU-positive cells that did not show colabeling for neuronal or glial markers were not influenced. The effect on the relative distribution of phenotypes can be interpreted as a survival-promoting effect that is selective for neurons. Proliferation of progenitor cells appeared unaffected by environmental stimulation.
Key words: aging; brain; mouse; hippocampus; neurogenesis; stem cell; progenitor cell; enriched environment; plasticity; stereology
Copyright © 1998 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/98/1893206-07$05.00/0
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