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The Journal of Neuroscience, January 1, 1999, 19(1):420-430
Pain Pathways Involved in Fear Conditioning Measured with Fear-Potentiated Startle: Lesion Studies
Changjun Shi and Michael Davis Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06508
It is well established that the basolateral amygdala is critically involved in the association between an unconditioned stimulus (US), such as a foot shock, and a conditioned stimulus (CS), such as a light, during classic fear conditioning. However, little is known about how the US (pain) inputs are relayed to the basolateral amygdala. The present studies were designed to define potential US pathways to the amygdala using lesion methods. Electrolytic lesions before or after training were placed in caudal granular/dysgranular insular cortex (IC) alone or in conjunction with the posterior intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus (PoT/PIL), and the effects on fear conditioning were examined. Pretraining lesions of both IC and PoT/PIL, but not lesions of IC alone, blocked the acquisition of fear-potentiated startle. However, post-training combined lesions of IC and PoT/PIL did not prevent expression of conditioned fear. Given that previous studies have shown that lesions of PoT/PIL alone had no effect on acquisition of conditioned fear, these results suggest that two parallel cortical (insula-amygdala) and subcortical (PoT/PIL-amygdala) pathways are involved in relaying shock information to the basolateral amygdala during fear conditioning.
Key words: fear conditioning; amygdala; insular cortex; posterior intralaminar nuclei; nociception; startle
Copyright © 1999 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/99/191420-11$05.00/0
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