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The Journal of Neuroscience, May 15, 1999, 19(10):3665-3673
An Extraretinally Expressed Insect Cryptochrome with Similarity
to the Blue Light Photoreceptors of Mammals and Plants
Elizabeth S.
Egan ,
Tina M.
Franklin ,
Marla J.
Hilderbrand-Chae ,
Gerard P.
McNeil ,
Mary A.
Roberts ,
Andrew J.
Schroeder ,
Xiaolan
Zhang, and
F. Rob
Jackson
Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine,
Boston, Massachusetts 02111
Photic entrainment of insect circadian rhythms can occur through
either extraretinal (brain) or retinal photoreceptors, which mediate
sensitivity to blue light or longer wavelengths, respectively. Although
visual transduction processes are well understood in the insect retina,
almost nothing is known about the extraretinal blue light photoreceptor
of insects. We now have identified and characterized a candidate
blue light photoreceptor gene in Drosophila (DCry) that is homologous to the cryptochrome
(Cry) genes of mammals and plants. The
DCry gene is located in region 91F of the third chromosome, an interval that does not contain other genes required for
circadian rhythmicity. The protein encoded by DCry is
~50% identical to the CRY1 and CRY2 proteins recently discovered in mammalian species. As expected for an extraretinal photoreceptor mediating circadian entrainment, DCry mRNA is expressed
within the adult brain and can be detected within body tissues. Indeed, tissue in situ hybridization demonstrates prominent
expression in cells of the lateral brain, which are close to or
coincident with the Drosophila clock neurons.
Interestingly, DCry mRNA abundance oscillates in a
circadian manner in Drosophila head RNA extracts, and
the temporal phasing of the rhythm is similar to that documented for
the mouse Cry1 mRNA, which is expressed in clock
tissues. Finally, we show that changes in DCry gene
dosage are associated predictably with alterations of the blue light
resetting response for the circadian rhythm of adult locomotor activity.
Key words:
circadian; cryptochrome; photoreceptor; blue light; Drosophila; extraretinal
Copyright © 1999 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/99/19103665-09$05.00/0
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