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The Journal of Neuroscience, June 1, 1999, 19(11):4221-4228

Localization of Type I Inositol 1,4,5-Triphosphate Receptor in the Outer Segments of Mammalian Cones

Tian-Li Wang, Peter Sterling, and Noga Vardi

Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104

Calcium enters the outer segment of a vertebrate photoreceptor through a cGMP-gated channel and is extruded via a Na/Ca, K exchanger. We have identified another element in mammalian cones that might help to control cytoplasmic calcium. Reverse transcription-PCR performed on isolated photoreceptors identified mRNA for the SII splice variant of the type I receptor for inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP₃), and Western blots showed that the protein also is expressed in outer segments. Immunocytochemistry showed type I IP₃ receptor to be abundant in red-sensitive and green-sensitive cones of the trichromatic monkey retina, but it was negative or weakly expressed in blue-sensitive cones and rods. Similarly, the green-sensitive cones expressed the receptor in dichromatic retina (cat, rabbit, and rat), but the blue-sensitive cones did not. Immunostain was localized to disk and plasma membranes on the cytoplasmic face. To restore sensitivity after a light flash, cytoplasmic cGMP must rise to its basal level, and this requires cytoplasmic calcium to fall. Cessation of calcium release via the IP₃ receptor might accelerate this fall and thus explain why the cone recovers much faster than the rod. Furthermore, because its own activity of the IP₃ receptor depends partly on cytoplasmic calcium, the receptor might control the set point of cytoplasmic calcium and thus affect cone sensitivity.

Key words: photoreceptor; Ca²⁺; S cone; M cone; L cone; phospholipase C; monkey

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Copyright © 1999 Society for Neuroscience  0270-6474/99/19114221-08$05.00/0

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