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The Journal of Neuroscience, June 15, 1999, 19(12):5124-5130
Activation of NMDA Receptors in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
Produces Light-Like Phase Shifts of the Circadian Clock In
Vivo
Eric M.
Mintz1,
Cherie
L.
Marvel1,
Charles F.
Gillespie1,
Kristina M.
Price1, and
H. Elliott
Albers1, 2
Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Behavior, Departments of
1 Biology and 2 Psychology, Georgia State
University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303
Although there is substantial evidence that glutamate mimics the
effects of light on the mammalian circadian clock in
vitro, it has been reported that microinjection of glutamate
into the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus (SCN)
region in vivo does not result in a pattern of phase
shifts that mimic those caused by light pulses. The present study was
designed to test the hypothesis that microinjection of NMDA into the
SCN would induce light-like phase shifts of the circadian clock through activation of the NMDA receptor. Hamsters housed in constant darkness received microinjections of NMDA through guide cannulas aimed at
the SCN region at various times throughout the circadian cycle. Wheel
running was monitored as a measure of circadian phase. Microinjection of NMDA resulted in circadian phase shifts, the size and direction of
which were dependent on the time of injection. The resulting phase-response curve closely resembled that of light. The circadian response showed a clear dose-dependence at circadian time (CT) 13.5 but
not at CT19. Both phase delays and advances induced by NMDA were
blocked by coinjection of the NMDA antagonist
2-amino-5-phosphopentanoic acid but were slightly attenuated by the
non-NMDA antagonist 6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo[f]quinoxaline-2,3-dione disodium. The ability of NMDA to induce phase shifts was not altered by
coinjection with tetrodotoxin. These data are consistent with the
hypothesis that activation of NMDA receptors is a critical step in the
transmission of photic information to the SCN.
Key words:
circadian rhythm; glutamate; NMDA; Syrian hamster; wheel
running; suprachiasmatic nucleus
Copyright © 1999 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/99/19125124-07$05.00/0
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