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The Journal of Neuroscience, August 1, 1999, 19(15):6372-6384
Depolarization-Induced Mitochondrial Ca Accumulation in
Sympathetic Neurons: Spatial and Temporal Characteristics
Natalia B.
Pivovarova1,
Jarin
Hongpaisan1,
S. Brian
Andrews1, and
David D.
Friel2
1 Laboratory of Neurobiology, National Institute of
Neurological Diseases and Stroke, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4062, and 2 Department of
Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
44106-4975
Several lines of evidence suggest that neuronal mitochondria
accumulate calcium when the cytosolic free Ca2+
concentration ([Ca2+]i) is
elevated to levels approaching ~500 nM, but the spatial, temporal, and quantitative characteristics of net mitochondrial Ca
uptake during stimulus-evoked [Ca2+]i
elevations are not well understood. Here, we report direct measurements
of depolarization-induced changes in intramitochondrial total Ca concentration ([Ca]mito)
obtained by x-ray microanalysis of rapidly frozen neurons from frog
sympathetic ganglia. Unstimulated control cells exhibited undetectably
low [Ca]mito, but high K+
depolarization (50 mM, 45 sec), which elevates
[Ca2+]i to ~600 nM,
increased [Ca]mito to 13.0 ± 1.5 mmol/kg dry
weight; this increase was abolished by carbonyl cyanide
p-(trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone (FCCP). The
elevation of [Ca]mito was a function of both
depolarization strength and duration. After repolarization, [Ca]mito recovered to prestimulation levels with a time
course that paralleled the decline in
[Ca2+]i. Depolarization-induced
increases in [Ca]mito were spatially heterogeneous. At
the level of single mitochondria, [Ca]mito elevations depended on proximity to the plasma membrane, consistent with predictions of a diffusion model that considers radial
[Ca2+]i gradients that exist early
during depolarization. Within individual mitochondria, Ca was
concentrated in small, discrete sites, possibly reflecting a
high-capacity intramitochondrial Ca storage mechanism. These findings
demonstrate that in situ Ca accumulation by
mitochondria, now directly identified as the structural correlate of
the "FCCP-sensitive store," is robust, reversible, graded with
stimulus strength and duration, and dependent on spatial location.
Key words:
mitochondria; calcium; calcium signaling; calcium
regulation; neurons; depolarization; electron probe x-ray
microanalysis
Copyright © 1999 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/99/19156372-13$05.00/0
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