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 Previous Article
The Journal of Neuroscience, September 1, 1999, 19(17):7679-7697
Reorganization in Primary Motor Cortex of Primates with
Long-Standing Therapeutic Amputations
Carolyn W.-H.
Wu and
Jon H.
Kaas
Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville,
Tennessee 37240
Intracortical microstimulation was used to investigate the
organization of primate primary motor cortex (M1) in three squirrel monkeys and two galagos years after the therapeutic amputation of an
injured forelimb or hindlimb. In two squirrel monkeys with forelimb
amputation, physiological results were correlated with the distribution
of corticospinal neurons after injections of tracers into the lower
cervical segments of the spinal cord. Distributions of labeled
corticospinal neurons helped identify the locations of the former
forelimb cortex in M1. Evoked movements from M1 ipsilateral to the
missing limb were not obviously different from M1 of normal controls.
Stimulation in the deefferented part of M1 contralateral to the missing
limb elicited movements of the remaining proximal muscles as well as
movements from adjacent body representations in all cases. Stimulation
in the deefferented forelimb cortex evoked shoulder stump, trunk, and
orofacial movements, whereas stimulation in the deefferented hindlimb
cortex evoked hip stump, trunk, and tail movements. Movements were
evoked from all sites in the deprived cortex, so that there were no
unresponsive zones. Minimal levels of current necessary to evoke these
movements varied from those in the normal range to those of much higher levels, with the average threshold higher than normal. Finally, multiunit recording from the two galagos revealed that the deprived portions of S1 were responsive to touch or taps on the stump and neighboring body parts.
Key words:
plasticity; microstimulation; frontal lobe; somatosensory
cortex; monkeys; prosimians
Copyright © 1999 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/99/19177679-19$05.00/0
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