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The Journal of Neuroscience, October 15, 1999, 19(20):8866-8875

Evidence of Presynaptic Location and Function of the Prion Protein

Jochen Herms¹, Tobias Tings¹, Stefan Gall¹, Axel Madlung¹, Armin Giese¹, Heike Siebert¹, Peter Schürmann¹, Otto Windl¹, Nils Brose², and Hans Kretzschmar¹

¹ Department of Neuropathology, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; ² Max-Planck-Institut für Experimentelle Medizin, 37073 Göttingen, Germany

The prion protein (PrP^C) is a copper-binding protein of unknown function that plays an important role in the etiology of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Using morphological techniques and synaptosomal fractionation methods, we show that PrP^C is predominantly localized to synaptic membranes. Atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to identify PrP^C-related changes in the synaptosomal copper concentration in transgenic mouse lines. The synaptic transmission in the presence of H₂O₂, which is known to be decomposed to highly reactive hydroxyl radicals in the presence of iron or copper and to alter synaptic activity, was studied in these animals. The response of synaptic activity to H₂O₂ was found to correlate with the amount of PrP^C expression in the presynaptic neuron in cerebellar slice preparations from wild-type, Prnp^0/0, and PrP gene-reconstituted transgenic mice. Thus, our data gives strong evidence for the predominantly synaptic location of PrP^C, its involvement in the regulation of the presynaptic copper concentration, and synaptic activity in defined conditions.

Key words: prion protein; synaptosomes; synaptic transmission; hydrogen peroxide; copper; cerebellum

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Copyright © 1999 Society for Neuroscience  0270-6474/99/19208866-10$05.00/0

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