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The Journal of Neuroscience, October 15, 1999, 19(20):9029-9038
Choosing between Small, Likely Rewards and Large, Unlikely
Rewards Activates Inferior and Orbital Prefrontal Cortex
Robert D.
Rogers1, 2,
Adrian M.
Owen2,
Hugh C.
Middleton3,
Emma J.
Williams4,
John D.
Pickard5,
Barbara J.
Sahakian6, and
Trevor W.
Robbins1
1 Department of Experimental Psychology, University of
Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom, 2 Medical
Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge CB2 2EF,
United Kingdom, 3 Nottingham University Division of
Psychiatry, Nottingham NG3 6AA, United Kingdom,
4 Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, 5 Department of
Neurosurgery, and 6 Department of Psychiatry,
Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom
Patients sustaining lesions of the orbital prefrontal cortex (PFC)
exhibit marked impairments in the performance of laboratory-based gambling, or risk-taking, tasks, suggesting that this part of the human
PFC contributes to decision-making cognition. However, to date,
little is known about the particular regions of the orbital cortex that
participate in this function. In the present study, eight healthy
volunteers were scanned, using H2150 PET
technology, while performing a novel computerized risk-taking task. The
task involved predicting which of two mutually exclusive outcomes would
occur, but critically, the larger reward (and penalty) was associated
with choice of the least likely outcome, whereas the smallest reward
(and penalty) was associated with choice of the most likely outcome.
Resolving these "conflicting" decisions was associated with three
distinct foci of regional cerebral blood flow increase within
the right inferior and orbital PFC: laterally, in the anterior part of
the middle frontal gyrus [Brodmann area 10 (BA 10)], medially, in the
orbital gyrus (BA 11), and posteriorly, in the anterior portion of the
inferior frontal gyrus (BA 47). By contrast, increases in the degree of
conflict inherent in these decisions was associated with only limited
changes in activity within orbital PFC and the anterior cingulate
cortex. These results suggest that decision making recruits neural
activity from multiple regions of the inferior PFC that receive
information from a diverse set of cortical and limbic inputs, and that
the contribution of the orbitofrontal regions may involve processing
changes in reward-related information.
Key words:
H2150 PET; decision
making; orbitolateral PFC; orbitomedial PFC; frontal lobes; executive
function
Copyright © 1999 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/99/19209029-10$05.00/0
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