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The Journal of Neuroscience, 1999, 19:RC34:1-5

RAPID COMMUNICATION
Composition and Decomposition of Internal Models in Motor Learning under Altered Kinematic and Dynamic Environments

J. Randall Flanagan¹, Eri Nakano², Hiroshi Imamizu³, Rieko Osu³, Toshinori Yoshioka³, and Mitsuo Kawato^{2, 3}

¹ Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada, ² ATR International, Kyoto 619-0288, Japan, and ³ Kawato Dynamic Brain Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Kyoto 619-0288, Japan

The learning process of reaching movements was examined under novel environments whose kinematic and dynamic properties were altered. We used a kinematic transformation (visuomotor rotation), a dynamic transformation (viscous curl field), and a combination of these transformations. When the subjects learned the combined transformation, reaching errors were smaller if the subject first learned the separate kinematic and dynamic transformations. Reaching errors under the kinematic (but not the dynamic) transformation were smaller if subjects first learned the combined transformation. These results suggest that the brain learns multiple internal models to compensate for each transformation and has some ability to combine and decompose these internal models as called for by the occasion.

Key words: motor learning; reaching; internal model; visuomotor transformation; force fields; arm movement

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Copyright © 0000 Society for Neuroscience  0270-6474/0/$05.00/0

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