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The Journal of Neuroscience, November 1, 1999, 19(21):9399-9411

Disruption of Laminin beta 2 Chain Production Causes Alterations in Morphology and Function in the CNS

Richard T. Libby1, Christopher R. Lavallee1, Grant W. Balkema1, William J. Brunken1, and Dale D. Hunter2, 3

1 Departments of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02167, 2 Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, and 3 Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy and Cell Biology, and Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111

From the elegant studies of Ramon y Cajal (1909) to the current advances in molecular cloning (e.g., Farber and Danciger, 1997), the retina has served as an ideal model for the entire CNS. We have taken advantage of the well described anatomy, physiology, and molecular biology of the retina to begin to examine the role of the laminins, one component of the extracellular matrix, on the processes of neuronal differentiation and synapse formation in the CNS. We have examined the effect of the deletion of one laminin chain, the beta 2 chain, on retinal development. The gross development of retinas from laminin beta 2 chain-deficient animals appears normal, and photoreceptors are formed. However, these retinas exhibit several pathologies: laminin beta 2 chain-deficient mice display abnormal outer segment elongation, abnormal electroretinograms, and abnormal rod photoreceptor synapses. Morphologically, the outer segments are reduced by 50% in length; the outer plexiform layer of mutant animals is disrupted specifically, because only 7% of observed rod invaginating synapses appear normal, whereas the inner plexiform layer is undisturbed; finally, the rate of apoptosis in the mutant photoreceptor layer is twice that of control mice. Physiologically, the electroretinogram is altered; the amplitude of the b-wave and the slope of the b-wave intensity-response function are both decreased, consistent with synaptic disruption in the outer retina. Together, these results emphasize the prominence of the extracellular matrix and, in particular, the laminins in the development and maintenance of synaptic function and morphogenesis in the CNS.

Key words: synapse development; laminin; photoreceptor; ERG; apoptosis; extracellular matrix

Copyright © 1999 Society for Neuroscience  0270-6474/99/19219399-13$05.00/0


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