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The Journal of Neuroscience, December 1, 1999, 19(23):10228-10236
Cell Surface Expression of Polysialic Acid on NCAM Is a
Prerequisite for Activity-Dependent Morphological Neuronal and Glial
Plasticity
Dionysia T.
Theodosis1,
Renée
Bonhomme1,
Sergio
Vitiello1,
Geneviève
Rougon2, and
Dominique A.
Poulain1
1 Institut National de la Santé et de la
Recherche Médicale U378, Institut François Magendie
Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux II, F33077 Bordeaux, France,
and 2 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique,
Unité Mixte de Recherche 6545, Parc Scientifique de Luminy,
F13288 Marseille, France
Polysialic acid (PSA) on the extracellular domain of the neural
cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) reduces cell adhesion and is considered
an important regulator of cell surface interactions. The
hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system (HNS), whose glia, neurons, and
synapses undergo striking, reversible morphological changes in response
to physiological stimulation, expresses high levels of PSA-NCAM
throughout life. Light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry in
normal rats and rats in which cell transport was blocked with colchicine showed that PSA-NCAM is expressed in both HNS neurons and
glia, particularly at the level of astrocytic processes that envelop
neuronal profiles and can undergo remodeling. Moreover, we confirmed
that the overall levels of PSA-NCAM were not greatly altered by
stimulation (lactation and chronic salt ingestion). Nevertheless, PSA
is essential to morphological plasticity. Using comparative
ultrastructural analysis, we found that, after specific enzymatic
removal of PSA from NCAM by microinjection of endoneuraminidase close
to the hypothalamic magnocellular nuclei in vivo, there was no apparent withdrawal of astrocytic processes nor any increase in
synaptic contacts normally induced by lactation and dehydration. Our
observations demonstrate, therefore, that expression of PSA on cell
surfaces in the adult HNS is indispensable to its capacity for
activity-dependent morphological neuronal-glial and synaptic plasticity. The carbohydrate PSA on NCAM can thus be considered a
necessary permissive factor to allow neuronal and glial remodeling to
occur whenever the proper inductive stimulus intervenes.
Key words:
NCAM; neuronal-glial interactions; astrocytes; synaptic
plasticity; hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system; lactation; osmotic
stimulation
Copyright © 1999 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/99/192310228-09$05.00/0
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