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The Journal of Neuroscience, February 1, 1999, 19(3):1038-1048
Neurotrophins Support the Development of Diverse Sensory Axon
Morphologies
Stephen I.
Lentz1,
C.
Michael
Knudson2,
Stanley J.
Korsmeyer2, and
William D.
Snider1
1 Center for the Study of Nervous System Injury,
Department of Neurology, and 2 Department of Medicine and
Pathology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Washington University
School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
The initial outgrowth of peripheral axons in developing embryos is
thought to occur independently of neurotrophins. However, the degree to
which peripheral neurons can extend axons and elaborate axonal
arborizations in the absence of these molecules has not been studied
directly because of exquisite survival requirements for neurotrophins
at early developmental stages. We show here that embryonic sensory
neurons from BAX-deficient mice survived indefinitely in the absence of
neurotrophins, even in highly dissociated cultures, allowing assessment
of cell autonomous axon outgrowth. At embryonic day 11 (E11)-E13, stages of rapid axon growth toward targets in
vivo, Bax / sensory neurons cultured without
neurotrophins were almost invariably unipolar and extended only a
rudimentary axon. Addition of neurotrophins caused outgrowth of a
second axon and a marked, dose-dependent elongation of both processes.
Surprisingly, morphological responses to individual neurotrophins
differed substantially. Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) supported striking
terminal arborization of subsets of Bax/ neurons,
whereas NGF produced predominantly axon elongation in a different
subset. We conclude that axon growth in vitro is
neurotrophin dependent from the earliest stages of sensory neuron
development. Furthermore, neurotrophins support the appearance of
distinct axonal morphologies that characterize different sensory neuron subpopulations.
Key words:
neurotrophins; nerve growth factor; neurotrophin-3; brain-derived neurotrophic factor; dorsal root ganglion; BAX; development; axon morphology
Copyright © 1999 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/99/1931038-11$05.00/0
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