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The Journal of Neuroscience, February 15, 1999, 19(4):1165-1178
Interactions of Calmodulin and -Actinin with the NR1 Subunit
Modulate Ca2+-Dependent Inactivation of NMDA Receptors
Johannes J.
Krupp1,
Bryce
Vissel2,
Christopher
G.
Thomas1,
Stephen F.
Heinemann2, and
Gary L.
Westbrook1
1 Vollum Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University,
Portland, Oregon 97201, and 2 Molecular Neurobiology
Laboratory, Salk Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
Glutamate receptors are associated with various regulatory and
cytoskeletal proteins. However, an understanding of the functional significance of these interactions is still rudimentary. Studies in
hippocampal neurons suggest that such interactions may be involved in
calcium-induced reduction in the open probability of NMDA receptors (inactivation). Thus we examined the role of the intracellular domains
of the NR1 subunit and two of its binding partners, calmodulin and
-actinin, on this process using NR1/NR2A heteromers expressed in
human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. The presence of the first 30 residues of the intracellular C terminus of NR1 (C0 domain) was
required for inactivation. Mutations in the last five residues of C0
reduced inactivation and produced parallel shifts in binding of
-actinin and Ca2+/calmodulin to the respective
C0-derived peptides. Although calmodulin reduced channel activity in
excised patches, calmodulin inhibitors did not block inactivation in
whole-cell recording, suggesting that inactivation in the intact cell
is more complex than binding of calmodulin to C0. Overexpression of
putative Ca2+-insensitive, but not
Ca2+-sensitive, forms of -actinin reduced
inactivation, an effect that was overcome by inclusion of calmodulin in
the whole-cell pipette. The C0 domain also directly affects channel
gating because NR1 subunits with truncated C0 domains that lacked
calmodulin or -actinin binding sites had a low open probability. We
propose that inactivation can occur after C0 dissociates from
-actinin by two distinct but converging calcium-dependent processes:
competitive displacement of -actinin by calmodulin and reduction in
the affinity of -actinin for C0 after binding of calcium to
-actinin.
Key words:
Ca/calmodulin; -actinin; NR1 subunit; NMDA channel
gating; open probability; protein-protein interactions
Copyright © 1999 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/99/1941165-14$05.00/0
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