WWW.JNEUROSCI.ORG
-
The Journal of Neuroscience Introducing ALZET?ew Model 2006 Pump
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     
-


HOME  |   SEARCH  |   ARCHIVE  |   SUBSCRIBE  |   CONTACT  |   HELP
This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Submit an eLetter
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me when eLetters are posted
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in ISI Web of Science
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (264)
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Singh, M.
Right arrow Articles by Toran-Allerand, C. D.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Singh, M.
Right arrow Articles by Toran-Allerand, C. D.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

The Journal of Neuroscience, February 15, 1999, 19(4):1179-1188

Estrogen-Induced Activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Cerebral Cortical Explants: Convergence of Estrogen and Neurotrophin Signaling Pathways

Meharvan Singh1, György Sétáló Jr1, 2, Xiaoping Guan1, Matthew Warren1, and C. Dominique Toran-Allerand1

1 Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Neurology and Centers for Neurobiology and Behavior and Reproductive Sciences, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, and 2 Department of Biology, University Medical School of Pécs, Pécs H-7643, Hungary

We have shown that estrogen elicits a selective enhancement of the growth and differentiation of axons and dendrites (neurites) in the developing CNS. We subsequently demonstrated widespread colocalization of estrogen and neurotrophin receptors (trk) within developing forebrain neurons and reciprocal transcriptional regulation of these receptors by their ligands. Using organotypic explants of the cerebral cortex, we tested the hypothesis that estrogen/neurotrophin receptor coexpression also may result in convergence or cross-coupling of their signaling pathways. Estradiol elicited rapid (within 5-15 min) tyrosine phosphorylation/activation of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, ERK1 and ERK2, that persisted for at least 2 hr. This extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) activation was inhibited successfully by the MEK1 inhibitor PD98059, but not by the estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist ICI 182,780, and did not appear to result from estradiol-induced activation of trk. Furthermore, we also found that estradiol elicited an increase in B-Raf kinase activity. The latter and subsequent downstream events leading to ERK activation may be a consequence of our documentation of a multimeric complex consisting of, at least, the ER, hsp90, and B-Raf. These novel findings provide an alternative mechanism for some of the estrogen actions in the developing CNS and could explain not only some of the very rapid effects of estrogen but also the ability of estrogen and neurotrophins to regulate the same broad array of cytoskeletal and growth-associated genes involved in neurite growth and differentiation.

Key words: estradiol; estrogen receptor; ERK; neurotrophins; signal transduction; cross-coupling; brain; cerebral cortex

Copyright © 1999 Society for Neuroscience  0270-6474/99/1941179-10$05.00/0


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
P. Dewing, A. Christensen, G. Bondar, and P. Micevych
Protein Kinase C Signaling in the Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus Regulates Sexual Receptivity in Female Rats
Endocrinology, December 1, 2008; 149(12): 5934 - 5942.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
C. Otto, B. Rohde-Schulz, G. Schwarz, I. Fuchs, M. Klewer, D. Brittain, G. Langer, B. Bader, K. Prelle, R. Nubbemeyer, et al.
G Protein-Coupled Receptor 30 Localizes to the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Is Not Activated by Estradiol
Endocrinology, October 1, 2008; 149(10): 4846 - 4856.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
S. Bake, L. Ma, and F. Sohrabji
Estrogen Receptor-{alpha} Overexpression Suppresses 17{beta}-Estradiol-Mediated Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression and Activation of Survival Kinases
Endocrinology, August 1, 2008; 149(8): 3881 - 3889.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Anesth. Analg.Home page
K. Vagnerova, I. P. Koerner, and P. D. Hurn
Gender and the Injured Brain
Anesth. Analg., July 1, 2008; 107(1): 201 - 214.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
H. Abe, K. L. Keen, and E. Terasawa
Rapid Action of Estrogens on Intracellular Calcium Oscillations in Primate Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone-1 Neurons
Endocrinology, March 1, 2008; 149(3): 1155 - 1162.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Physiol. Rev.Home page
M. M. McCARTHY
Estradiol and the Developing Brain
Physiol Rev, January 1, 2008; 88(1): 91 - 134.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
P. Dewing, M. I. Boulware, K. Sinchak, A. Christensen, P. G. Mermelstein, and P. Micevych
Membrane Estrogen Receptor-{alpha} Interactions with Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 1a Modulate Female Sexual Receptivity in Rats
J. Neurosci., August 29, 2007; 27(35): 9294 - 9300.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
J. W. Gatson and M. Singh
Activation of a Membrane-Associated Androgen Receptor Promotes Cell Death in Primary Cortical Astrocytes
Endocrinology, May 1, 2007; 148(5): 2458 - 2464.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr. Rev.Home page
N. Vasudevan and D. W. Pfaff
Membrane-Initiated Actions of Estrogens in Neuroendocrinology: Emerging Principles
Endocr. Rev., February 1, 2007; 28(1): 1 - 19.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
E. Seli, O. Guzeloglu-Kayisli, H. Cakmak, U. A. Kayisli, B. Selam, and A. Arici
Estradiol Increases Apoptosis in Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells by Up-Regulating Fas and Fas Ligand Expression
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 2006; 91(12): 4995 - 5001.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr. Rev.Home page
J. L. Turgeon, M. C. Carr, P. M. Maki, M. E. Mendelsohn, and P. M. Wise
Complex Actions of Sex Steroids in Adipose Tissue, the Cardiovascular System, and Brain: Insights from Basic Science and Clinical Studies
Endocr. Rev., October 1, 2006; 27(6): 575 - 605.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
P. Mannella and R. D. Brinton
Estrogen receptor protein interaction with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase leads to activation of phosphorylated akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in the same population of cortical neurons: a unified mechanism of estrogen action.
J. Neurosci., September 13, 2006; 26(37): 9439 - 9447.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
C. L. Bevan, D. M. Porter, C. R. Schumann, E. Y. Bryleva, T. J. Hendershot, H. Liu, M. J. Howard, and L. P. Henderson
The Endocrine-Disrupting Compound, Nonylphenol, Inhibits Neurotrophin-Dependent Neurite Outgrowth
Endocrinology, September 1, 2006; 147(9): 4192 - 4204.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Exp. Biol. Med.Home page
M. Singh, J. A. Dykens, and J. W. Simpkins
Novel Mechanisms for Estrogen-Induced Neuroprotection.
Experimental Biology and Medicine, May 1, 2006; 231(5): 514 - 521.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
J. W. Gatson, P. Kaur, and M. Singh
Dihydrotestosterone Differentially Modulates the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and the Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/Akt Pathways through the Nuclear and Novel Membrane Androgen Receptor in C6 Cells
Endocrinology, April 1, 2006; 147(4): 2028 - 2034.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
A. Zsarnovszky, H. H. Le, H.-S. Wang, and S. M. Belcher
Ontogeny of Rapid Estrogen-Mediated Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Signaling in the Rat Cerebellar Cortex: Potent Nongenomic Agonist and Endocrine Disrupting Activity of the Xenoestrogen Bisphenol A
Endocrinology, December 1, 2005; 146(12): 5388 - 5396.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
C. D. Toran-Allerand, A. A. Tinnikov, R. J. Singh, and I. S. Nethrapalli
17{alpha}-Estradiol: A Brain-Active Estrogen?
Endocrinology, September 1, 2005; 146(9): 3843 - 3850.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
K. D. Yi, J. Chung, P. Pang, and J. W. Simpkins
Role of Protein Phosphatases in Estrogen-Mediated Neuroprotection
J. Neurosci., August 3, 2005; 25(31): 7191 - 7198.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
S. Gingerich and T. L. Krukoff
Estrogen Modulates Endothelial and Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression via an Estrogen Receptor {beta}-Dependent Mechanism in Hypothalamic Slice Cultures
Endocrinology, July 1, 2005; 146(7): 2933 - 2941.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
P. S. Green, K. Bales, S. Paul, and G. Bu
Estrogen Therapy Fails to Alter Amyloid Deposition in the PDAPP Model of Alzheimer's Disease
Endocrinology, June 1, 2005; 146(6): 2774 - 2781.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
M. I. Boulware, J. P. Weick, B. R. Becklund, S. P. Kuo, R. D. Groth, and P. G. Mermelstein
Estradiol Activates Group I and II Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Signaling, Leading to Opposing Influences on cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein
J. Neurosci., May 18, 2005; 25(20): 5066 - 5078.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Immunol.Home page
S. V. Vaidya, S. E. Stepp, M. E. McNerney, J.-K. Lee, M. Bennett, K.-M. Lee, C. L. Stewart, V. Kumar, and P. A. Mathew
Targeted Disruption of the 2B4 Gene in Mice Reveals an In Vivo Role of 2B4 (CD244) in the Rejection of B16 Melanoma Cells
J. Immunol., January 15, 2005; 174(2): 800 - 807.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
I. S. Nethrapalli, A. A. Tinnikov, V. Krishnan, C. D. Lei, and C. D. Toran-Allerand
Estrogen Activates Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Native, Nontransfected CHO-K1, COS-7, and RAT2 Fibroblast Cell Lines
Endocrinology, January 1, 2005; 146(1): 56 - 63.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
A. M. Kennedy, K. L. Shogren, M. Zhang, R. T. Turner, T. C. Spelsberg, and A. Maran
17{beta}-Estradiol-Dependent Activation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription-1 in Human Fetal Osteoblasts Is Dependent on Src Kinase Activity
Endocrinology, January 1, 2005; 146(1): 201 - 207.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol.Home page
A. K. Murashov, R. R. Islamov, R. J. McMurray, E. S. Pak, and D. A. Weidner
Estrogen increases retrograde labeling of motoneurons: evidence of a nongenomic mechanism
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, August 1, 2004; 287(2): C320 - C326.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
M. M. McCarthy
Out with the New, in with the Old: Classical Estrogen Receptors Mediate Novel Estradiol Actions in Brain
Endocrinology, July 1, 2004; 145(7): 3053 - 3054.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Biol. CellHome page
R. I. Fernando and J. Wimalasena
Estradiol Abrogates Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells through Inactivation of BAD: Ras-dependent Nongenomic Pathways Requiring Signaling through ERK and Akt
Mol. Biol. Cell, July 1, 2004; 15(7): 3266 - 3284.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
M. Maggiolini, A. Vivacqua, G. Fasanella, A. G. Recchia, D. Sisci, V. Pezzi, D. Montanaro, A. M. Musti, D. Picard, and S. Ando
The G Protein-coupled Receptor GPR30 Mediates c-fos Up-regulation by 17{beta}-Estradiol and Phytoestrogens in Breast Cancer Cells
J. Biol. Chem., June 25, 2004; 279(26): 27008 - 27016.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
S.-H. Yang, R. Liu, E. J. Perez, Y. Wen, S. M. Stevens Jr., T. Valencia, A.-M. Brun-Zinkernagel, L. Prokai, Y. Will, J. Dykens, et al.
Mitochondrial localization of estrogen receptor {beta}
PNAS, March 23, 2004; 101(12): 4130 - 4135.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol Cancer ResHome page
K. Sengupta, S. Banerjee, N. K. Saxena, and S. K. Banerjee
Thombospondin-1 Disrupts Estrogen-Induced Endothelial Cell Proliferation and Migration and Its Expression Is Suppressed by Estradiol
Mol. Cancer Res., March 1, 2004; 2(3): 150 - 158.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
R. Dominguez, C. Jalali, and S. de Lacalle
Morphological Effects of Estrogen on Cholinergic Neurons In Vitro Involves Activation of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases
J. Neurosci., January 28, 2004; 24(4): 982 - 990.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
M. K. Jezierski and F. Sohrabji
Estrogen Enhances Retrograde Transport of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in the Rodent Forebrain
Endocrinology, November 1, 2003; 144(11): 5022 - 5029.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
J. Qiu, M. A. Bosch, S. C. Tobias, D. K. Grandy, T. S. Scanlan, O. K. Ronnekleiv, and M. J. Kelly
Rapid Signaling of Estrogen in Hypothalamic Neurons Involves a Novel G-Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor that Activates Protein Kinase C
J. Neurosci., October 22, 2003; 23(29): 9529 - 9540.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
J. Nilsen and R. D. Brinton
Divergent impact of progesterone and medroxyprogesterone acetate (Provera) on nuclear mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling
PNAS, September 2, 2003; 100(18): 10506 - 10511.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
A. M. Etgen and M. Acosta-Martinez
Participation of Growth Factor Signal Transduction Pathways in Estradiol Facilitation of Female Reproductive Behavior
Endocrinology, September 1, 2003; 144(9): 3828 - 3835.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Exp. Biol. Med.Home page
L. Zhao, S. Chen, and R. D. Brinton
An Estrogen Replacement Therapy Containing Nine Synthetic Plant-Based Conjugated Estrogens Promotes Neuronal Survival
Experimental Biology and Medicine, July 1, 2003; 228(7): 823 - 835.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
J. K. Wong, H. H. Le, A. Zsarnovszky, and S. M. Belcher
Estrogens and ICI182,780 (Faslodex) Modulate Mitosis and Cell Death in Immature Cerebellar Neurons via Rapid Activation of p44/p42 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase
J. Neurosci., June 15, 2003; 23(12): 4984 - 4995.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
M. Razandi, A. Pedram, S. T. Park, and E. R. Levin
Proximal Events in Signaling by Plasma Membrane Estrogen Receptors
J. Biol. Chem., January 17, 2003; 278(4): 2701 - 2712.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
A. L. Mize, R. A. Shapiro, and D. M. Dorsa
Estrogen Receptor-Mediated Neuroprotection from Oxidative Stress Requires Activation of the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway
Endocrinology, January 1, 2003; 144(1): 306 - 312.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 FASEB J.Home page
C. H. CAMPBELL, N. BULAYEVA, D. B. BROWN, B. GAMETCHU, and C. S. WATSON
Regulation of the membrane estrogen receptor-{alpha}: role of cell density, serum, cell passage number, and estradiol
FASEB J, December 1, 2002; 16(14): 1917 - 1927.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biol. Reprod.Home page
K. M. Dhandapani and D. W. Brann
Protective Effects of Estrogen and Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators in the Brain
Biol Reprod, November 1, 2002; 67(5): 1379 - 1385.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
C. D. Toran-Allerand, X. Guan, N. J. MacLusky, T. L. Horvath, S. Diano, M. Singh, E. S. Connolly Jr, I. S. Nethrapalli, and A. A. Tinnikov
ER-X: A Novel, Plasma Membrane-Associated, Putative Estrogen Receptor That Is Regulated during Development and after Ischemic Brain Injury
J. Neurosci., October 1, 2002; 22(19): 8391 - 8401.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 StrokeHome page
R. Liu, S.-H. Yang, E. Perez, K. D. Yi, S. S. Wu, K. Eberst, L. Prokai, K. Prokai-Tatrai, Z. Y. Cai, D. F. Covey, et al.
Neuroprotective Effects of a Novel Non-Receptor-Binding Estrogen Analogue: In Vitro and In Vivo Analysis
Stroke, October 1, 2002; 33(10): 2485 - 2491.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Exp. Biol. Med.Home page
L. Zhao, Q. Chen, and R. D. Brinton
Neuroprotective and Neurotrophic Efficacy of Phytoestrogens in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons
Experimental Biology and Medicine, July 1, 2002; 227(7): 509 - 519.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Sci SignalHome page
A. C. B. Cato, A. Nestl, and S. Mink
Rapid Actions of Steroid Receptors in Cellular Signaling Pathways
Sci. Signal., June 25, 2002; 2002(138): re9 - re9.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
J. Nilsen and R. D. Brinton
Impact of Progestins on Estrogen-Induced Neuroprotection: Synergy by Progesterone and 19-Norprogesterone and Antagonism by Medroxyprogesterone Acetate
Endocrinology, January 1, 2002; 143(1): 205 - 212.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
I. S. Nethrapalli, M. Singh, X. Guan, Q. Guo, D. B. Lubahn, K. S. Korach, and C. D. Toran-Allerand
Estradiol (E2) Elicits Src Phosphorylation in the Mouse Neocortex: The Initial Event in E2 Activation of the MAPK Cascade?
Endocrinology, December 1, 2001; 142(12): 5145 - 5148.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.Home page
S. M. Belcher and A. Zsarnovszky
Estrogenic Actions in the Brain: Estrogen, Phytoestrogens, and Rapid Intracellular Signaling Mechanisms
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., November 1, 2001; 299(2): 408 - 414.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
C. B. Wade, S. Robinson, R. A. Shapiro, and D. M. Dorsa
Estrogen Receptor (ER){{alpha}} and ER{beta} Exhibit Unique Pharmacologic Properties When Coupled to Activation of the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway
Endocrinology, June 1, 2001; 142(6): 2336 - 2342.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Learn. Mem.Home page
R. D. Brinton
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Estrogen Regulation of Memory Function and Neuroprotection Against Alzheimer's Disease: Recent Insights and Remaining Challenges
Learn. Mem., May 1, 2001; 8(3): 121 - 133.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Pharmacol. Rev.Home page
R. Clarke, F. Leonessa, J. N. Welch, and T. C. Skaar
Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology of Antiestrogen Action and Resistance
Pharmacol. Rev., March 1, 2001; 53(1): 25 - 72.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
D. B. Dubal, H. Zhu, J. Yu, S. W. Rau, P. J. Shughrue, I. Merchenthaler, M. S. Kindy, and P. M. Wise
Estrogen receptor alpha , not beta , is a critical link in estradiol-mediated protection against brain injury
PNAS, February 1, 2001; (2001) 41483198.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
D. B. Dubal and P. M. Wise
Neuroprotective Effects of Estradiol in Middle-Aged Female Rats
Endocrinology, January 1, 2001; 142(1): 43 - 48.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
A. J. Bruce-Keller, J. L. Keeling, J. N. Keller, F. F. Huang, S. Camondola, and M. P. Mattson
Antiinflammatory Effects of Estrogen on Microglial Activation
Endocrinology, October 1, 2000; 141(10): 3646 - 3656.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biol. Reprod.Home page
P. M. Wise and D. B. Dubal
Estradiol Protects Against Ischemic Brain Injury in Middle-Aged Rats
Biol Reprod, October 1, 2000; 63(4): 982 - 985.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
B. H. Han and D. M. Holtzman
BDNF Protects the Neonatal Brain from Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury In Vivo via the ERK Pathway
J. Neurosci., August 1, 2000; 20(15): 5775 - 5781.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
E. M. Apostolakis, J. Garai, J. E. Lohmann, J. H. Clark, and B. W. O’Malley
Epidermal Growth Factor Activates Reproductive Behavior Independent of Ovarian Steroids in Female Rodents
Mol. Endocrinol., July 1, 2000; 14(7): 1086 - 1098.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 FASEB J.Home page
H. SAWADA, M. IBI, T. KIHARA, M. URUSHITANI, K. HONDA, M. NAKANISHI, A. AKAIKE, and S. SHIMOHAMA
Mechanisms of antiapoptotic effects of estrogens in nigral dopaminergic neurons
FASEB J, June 1, 2000; 14(9): 1202 - 1214.
[Abstract] [Full Text]