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The Journal of Neuroscience, February 15, 1999, 19(4):1203-1216
The Photovoltage of Macaque Cone Photoreceptors: Adaptation,
Noise, and Kinetics
David M.
Schneeweis and
Julie L.
Schnapf
Departments of Ophthalmology and Physiology, University of
California, San Francisco, California 94143-0730
Whole-cell voltage and current recordings were obtained from red
and green cone photoreceptors in isolated retina from macaque monkey.
It was demonstrated previously that the cone photovoltage is generated
from two sources, phototransduction current in the cone outer segment
and photocurrent from neighboring rods. Rod signals are likely
transmitted to cones across the gap junctions between rods and cones.
In this study, the "pure" cone and rod components of the response
were extracted with rod-adapting backgrounds or by subtracting the
responses to flashes of different wavelength equated in their
excitation of either rods or cones. For dim flashes, the pure cone
component was similar in waveform to the cone outer segment current,
and the rod component was similar to the photovoltage measured directly
in rods. With bright flashes, the high frequencies of the rod
signal were filtered out by the rod/cone network. The two components
of the cone photovoltage adapted separately to background illumination.
The amplitude of the rod component was halved by backgrounds eliciting
~100 photoisomerizations sec 1 per rod; the cone
component was halved by backgrounds of 8700 photoisomerizations
sec1 per cone. Coupling between rods and cones was
not modulated by either dim backgrounds or dopamine. Voltage noise in
dark-adapted cones was dominated by elementary events other than
photopigment isomerizations. The dark noise was equivalent in magnitude
to a steady light eliciting ~3800 photoisomerizations
sec1 per cone, a value significantly higher than
the psychophysical estimates of cone "dark light."
Key words:
rod; cone; photoreceptor; primate; adaptation; coupling
Copyright © 1999 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/99/1941203-14$05.00/0
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