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The Journal of Neuroscience, February 15, 1999, 19(4):1484-1491
Dopamine Quinone Formation and Protein Modification Associated
with the Striatal Neurotoxicity of Methamphetamine: Evidence against a
Role for Extracellular Dopamine
Matthew J.
LaVoie1 and
Teresa G.
Hastings1, 2
Departments of 1 Neuroscience and
2 Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15261
Methamphetamine-induced toxicity has been shown to require striatal
dopamine and to involve mechanisms associated with oxidative stress.
Dopamine is a reactive molecule that can oxidize to form free radicals
and reactive quinones. Although this has been suggested to contribute
to the mechanism of toxicity, the oxidation of dopamine has never been
directly measured after methamphetamine exposure. In this study we
sought to determine whether methamphetamine-induced toxicity is
associated with the oxidation of dopamine by measuring the binding of
dopamine quinones to cysteinyl residues on protein. We observed that
administration of neurotoxic doses of methamphetamine to rats resulted
in a two- to threefold increase in protein cysteinyl-dopamine in the
striatum 2, 4, and 8 hr after treatment. When methamphetamine was
administered at an ambient temperature of 5°C, no increase in
dopamine oxidation products was observed, and toxicity was prevented.
Furthermore, as shown by striatal microdialysis, animals treated with
methamphetamine at 5°C showed DA release identical to that of animals
treated at room temperature. These data suggest that the toxicity of
methamphetamine and the associated increase in dopamine oxidation are
not exclusively the result of increases in extracellular dopamine.
Because dopamine-induced modifications of protein structure and
function may result in cellular toxicity, it is likely that dopamine
oxidation contributes to methamphetamine-induced toxicity to dopamine
terminals, adding support to the role of dopamine and the evidence of
oxidative stress in this lesion model.
Key words:
cysteinyl-dopamine; dopamine quinone; dopamine oxidation; methamphetamine; neurotoxicity; oxidative stress
Copyright © 1999 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/99/1941484-08$05.00/0
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