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The Journal of Neuroscience, January 1, 2000, 20(1):401-408

Mast Cells Migrate from Blood to Brain

Ann-Judith Silverman¹, Anne K. Sutherland², Marta Wilhelm², and Rae Silver^{1, 2, 3}

¹ Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, ² Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, and ³ Department of Psychology, Barnard College, New York, New York 10027

It is well established that mast cells (MCs) occur within the CNS of many species. Furthermore, their numbers can increase rapidly in adults in response to altered physiological conditions. In this study we found that early postpartum rats had significantly more mast cells in the thalamus than virgin controls. Evidence from semithin sections from these females suggested that mast cells were transiting across the medium-sized blood vessels. We hypothesized that the increases in mast cell number were caused by their migration into the neural parenchyma. To this end, we purified rat peritoneal mast cells, labeled them with the vital dyes PKH26 or CellTracker Green, and injected them into host animals. One hour after injection, dye-filled cells, containing either histamine or serotonin (mediators stored in mast cells), were located close to thalamic blood vessels. Injected cells represented ~2-20% of the total mast cell population in this brain region. Scanning confocal microscopy confirmed that the biogenic amine and the vital dye occurred in the same cell. To determine whether the donor mast cells were within the blood-brain barrier, we studied the localization of dye-marked donor cells and either Factor VIII, a component of endothelial basal laminae, or glial fibrillary acidic protein, the intermediate filament found in astrocytes. Serial section reconstructions of confocal images demonstrated that the mast cells were deep to the basal lamina, in nests of glial processes. This is the first demonstration that mast cells can rapidly penetrate brain blood vessels, and this may account for the rapid increases in mast cell populations after physiological manipulations.

Key words: mast cells; blood-brain barrier; hematopoietic system; basal lamina; GFAP; CellTracker green; vital dye; factor VIII; cell trafficking

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Copyright © 2000 Society for Neuroscience  0270-6474/0/201401-08$05.00/0

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