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Previous Article | Next Article
The Journal of Neuroscience, July 1, 2000, 20(13):5144-5152
Activation of Locomotion in Adult Chronic Spinal Rats Is Achieved by Transplantation of Embryonic Raphe Cells Reinnervating a Precise Lumbar Level
Minerva Giménez y Ribotta1, Jeanine Provencher2, Delphine Feraboli-Lohnherr3, Serge Rossignol2, Alain Privat1, and Didier Orsal3 1 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U336, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Université Montpellier II, F-34095 Montpellier, France 2 Centre de Recherches en Sciences Neurologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, H3C 3J7 Canada and 3 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique EP 1848, Neurophysique et Physiologie des Systèmes Moteurs, Université Rene Descartes, 75270 Paris, France
Traumatic lesions of the spinal cord yield a loss of supraspinal control of voluntary locomotor activity, although the spinal cord contains the necessary circuitry to generate the basic locomotor pattern. In spinal rats, this network, known as central pattern generator (CPG), was shown to be sensitive to serotonergic pharmacological stimulation. In previous works we have shown that embryonic raphe cells transplanted into the sublesional cord of adult rats can reinnervate specific targets, restore the lesion-induced increase in receptor densities of neurotransmitters, promote hindlimb weight support, and trigger a locomotor activity on a treadmill without any other pharmacological treatment or training.
With the aim of discriminating whether the action of serotonin on CPG is associated to a specific level of the cord, we have transplanted embryonic raphe cells at two different levels of the sublesional cord (T9 and T11) and then performed analysis of the kinematic and EMG activity synchronously recorded during locomotion. Locomotor performances were correlated to the reinnervated level of the cord and compared to that of intact and transected nontransplanted animals. The movements expressed by T11 transplanted animals correspond to a well defined locomotor pattern comparable to that of the intact animals. On the contrary, T9 transplanted animals developed limited and disorganized movements as those of nontransplanted animals. The correlation of the locomotor performances with the level of reinnervation of the spinal cord suggests that serotonergic reinnervation of the L1-L2 level constitutes a key element in the genesis of this locomotor rhythmic activity. This is the first in vivo demonstration that transplanted embryonic raphe cells reinnervating a specific level of the cord activate a locomotor behavior.
Key words: locomotion; spinal rat; transplantation of embryonic neurons; locomotor recovery; kinematic analysis; EMG
Copyright © 2000 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/00/20135144-09$05.00/0
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