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The Journal of Neuroscience, August 15, 2000, 20(16):6173-6180
Prefrontal-Temporal Circuitry for Episodic Encoding and Subsequent Memory
Brenda A. Kirchhoff1, Anthony D. Wagner2, 3, Anat Maril4, and Chantal E. Stern1, 3 1 Department of Psychology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, 2 Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, 3 Massachusetts General Hospital Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, and 4 Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
Humans encounter and form memories for multiple types of experiences that differ in content, novelty, and memorability. Critical for understanding memory is determining (1) how the brain supports the encoding of events with differing content and (2) whether neural regions that are sensitive to novelty also influence whether stimuli will be subsequently remembered. This event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study crossed content (picture/word), novelty (novel/repeated), and subsequent memory (remembered/forgotten) to examine prefrontal and temporal lobe contributions to encoding. Results revealed three patterns of encoding-related activation in anatomically connected inferior prefrontal and lateral temporal structures that appeared to vary depending on whether visuospatial/visuo-object, phonological/lexical, or semantic attributes were processed. Event content also modulated medial temporal lobe activity; word encoding predominately activated the left hemisphere, whereas picture encoding activated both hemispheres. Critically, in prefrontal and temporal regions that were modulated by novelty, the magnitude of encoding activation also predicted whether an event would be subsequently remembered. These results suggest that (1) regions that demonstrate a sensitivity to novelty may actively support encoding processes that impact subsequent explicit memory and (2) multiple content-dependent prefrontal-temporal circuits support event encoding. The similarities between prefrontal and lateral temporal encoding responses raise the possibility that prefrontal modulation of posterior cortical representations is central to encoding.
Key words: declarative memory; explicit memory; fMRI; neuroimaging; human memory; prefrontal cortex; medial temporal lobe; parahippocampal gyrus; hippocampus
Copyright © 2000 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/00/20166173-08$05.00/0
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