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The Journal of Neuroscience, September 15, 2000, 20(18):7087-7095
Origin of Transient and Sustained Responses in Ganglion Cells of
the Retina
Gautam B.
Awatramani and
Malcolm M.
Slaughter
Departments of Physiology and Biophysics and Ophthalmology, State
University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214
Phasic and tonic light responses provide a fundamental division of
visual information that is thought to originate in the inner retina.
However, evidence presented here indicates that this duality originates
in the outer retina. In response to a steady light stimulus, the
temporal responses of On-bipolar cells fell into two groups. In one
group, the light response peaked and then rapidly declined ( ~ 400 msec) close to the resting membrane potential. At light offset,
these cells exhibited a transient afterhyperpolarization. In the second
group of On-bipolar cells, the light response declined 10-fold more
slowly and reached a steady depolarization that was ~40% of the peak
response. These neurons had a slowly decaying afterhyperpolarization at
light offset. A metabotropic glutamate antagonist,
(RS)- -cyclopropyl-4-phosphonophenylyglycine (CPPG),
blocked light responses in both types of On-bipolar cell. CPPG only
slightly depolarized transient On-bipolar cells, whereas sustained
On-bipolar cells were significantly depolarized. Inorganic calcium
channel blockers disclosed that these distinct On-bipolar responses
were inherent to the bipolar cell and not attributable to synaptic
feedback. CPPG had distinct effects on sustained and transient ganglion
cells, similar to its action on bipolar cells. The antagonist
depolarized and blocked the light responses of sustained ganglion
cells. In transient ganglion cells, CPPG suppressed the On light
response but did not depolarize the cell or block the Off light
response. These results suggest that transient and sustained light
responses in ganglion cells result from selective bipolar cell input
and that these two fundamental visual channels originate at the
dendritic terminals of bipolar cells.
Key words:
retina; metabotropic glutamate receptors; on-bipolar; ganglion cell; CPPG; visual neuroscience
Copyright © 2000 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/00/20187087-09$05.00/0
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