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The Journal of Neuroscience, November 1, 2000, 20(21):8012-8020

A Glia-Derived Signal Regulating Neuronal Differentiation

Olivier Blondel1, Carlos Collin1, William J. McCarran1, Shiaoping Zhu1, Rachel Zamostiano2, Illana Gozes2, Douglas E. Brenneman3, and Ronald D. G. McKay1

1 Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, 2 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel 69978, and 3 Section on Developmental and Molecular Pharmacology, Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892

Astrocytes are present in large numbers in the nervous system, are associated with synapses, and propagate ionic signals. Astrocytes influence neuronal physiology by responding to and releasing neurotransmitters, but the mechanisms that establish the close interaction between these cells are not defined. Here we use hippocampal neurons in culture to demonstrate that vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) promotes neuronal differentiation through activity-dependent neurotrophic factor (ADNF), a protein secreted by VIP-stimulated astroglia. ADNF is produced by glial cells and acts directly on neurons to promote glutamate responses and morphological development. ADNF causes secretion of neurotrophin 3 (NT-3), and both proteins regulate NMDA receptor subunit 2A (NR2A) and NR2B. These data suggest that the VIP-ADNF-NT-3 neuronal-glial pathway regulates glutamate responses from an early stage in the synaptic development of excitatory neurons and may also contribute to the known effects of VIP on learning and behavior in the adult nervous system.

Key words: glia; synapse; hippocampus; ADNF; NT-3; VIP


Copyright © 2000 Society for Neuroscience  0270-6474/00/20218012-09$05.00/0


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