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The Journal of Neuroscience, November 1, 2000, 20(21):8111-8121
Long-Term Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Reveal Mechanisms
Underlying the Intrinsic Signal and Stability of Cortical Maps in V1 of
Behaving Monkeys
Eran
Shtoyerman,
Amos
Arieli,
Hamutal
Slovin,
Ivo
Vanzetta, and
Amiram
Grinvald
Department of Neurobiology, The Weizmann Institute of Science,
76100 Rehovot, Israel
Explorations of learning and memory, other long-term plastic
changes, and additional cognitive functions in the behaving primate brain would greatly benefit from the ability to image the functional architecture within the same patch of cortex, at the columnar level,
for a long period of time. We developed methods for long-term optical
imaging based on intrinsic signals and repeatedly visualized the same
functional domains in behaving macaque cortex for a period extending
over 1 year. Using optical imaging and imaging spectroscopy, we first
explored the relationship between electrical activity and hemodynamic
events in the awake behaving primate and compared it with anesthetized
preparations. We found that, whereas the amplitude of the intrinsic
signal was much larger in the awake animal, its temporal pattern was
similar to that observed in the anesthetized animals. In both groups,
deoxyhemoglobin concentration reached a peak 2-3 sec after stimulus
onset. Furthermore, the early activity-dependent increase in
deoxyhemoglobin concentration (the "initial dip") was far more
tightly colocalized with electrical activity than the delayed increase
in oxyhemoglobin concentration, known to be associated with an increase
in blood flow. The implications of these results for improvement of the
spatial resolution of blood oxygenation level-dependent functional
magnetic resonance imaging are discussed. After the characterization of
the intrinsic signal in the behaving primate, we used this new imaging
method to explore the stability of cortical maps in the macaque primary visual cortex. Functional maps of orientation and ocular dominance columns were found to be stable for a period longer than 1 year.
Key words:
anesthesia; behaving monkeys; brain mapping; cortical
columns; f-MRI; hemodynamics; optical imaging; plasticity; primary
visual cortex
Copyright © 2000 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/00/20218111-11$05.00/0
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