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The Journal of Neuroscience, December 1, 2000, 20(23):8701-8709
Involvement of the Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase
Cascade for Cocaine-Rewarding Properties
Emmanuel
Valjent1, 2,
Jean-Christophe
Corvol3,
Christiane
Pagès1,
Marie-Jo
Besson1,
Rafael
Maldonado2, and
Jocelyne
Caboche1
1 Laboratoire de Neurochimie-Anatomie, Institut des
Neurosciences, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique,
Unité Mixte de Recherche 7624, Université Pierre et Marie
Curie, 75005 Paris, 2 Laboratori de Neurofarmacologia,
Facultat de Cienciès de la Salut i de la Vida, Universidad Pompeu
Fabra, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain, and 3 Institut National de
la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U 114, Chaire de
Neuropharmacologie, Collège de France, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
A central feature of drugs of abuse is to induce gene expression in
discrete brain structures that are critically involved in behavioral
responses related to addictive processes. Although extracellular
signal-regulated kinase (ERK) has been implicated in several
neurobiological processes, including neuronal plasticity, its role in
drug addiction remains poorly understood. This study was designed to
analyze the activation of ERK by cocaine, its involvement in
cocaine-induced early and long-term behavioral effects, as well as in
gene expression. We show, by immunocytochemistry, that acute cocaine
administration activates ERK throughout the striatum, rapidly but
transiently. This activation was blocked when SCH 23390 [a specific
dopamine (DA)-D1 antagonist] but not raclopride (a DA-D2
antagonist) was injected before cocaine. Glutamate receptors of NMDA
subtypes also participated in ERK activation, as shown after injection
of the NMDA receptor antagonist MK 801. The systemic injection of
SL327, a selective inhibitor of the ERK kinase MEK, before cocaine,
abolished the cocaine-induced ERK activation and decreased
cocaine-induced hyperlocomotion, indicating a role of this pathway in
events underlying early behavioral responses. Moreover, the rewarding
effects of cocaine were abolished by SL327 in the place-conditioning
paradigm. Because SL327 antagonized cocaine-induced c-fos expression
and Elk-1 hyperphosphorylation, we suggest that the ERK intracellular
signaling cascade is also involved in the prime burst of gene
expression underlying long-term behavioral changes induced by cocaine.
Altogether, these results reveal a new mechanism to explain behavioral
responses of cocaine related to its addictive properties.
Key words:
cocaine; ERK; Elk-1; c-fos expression; striatum; dopamine
receptors; reward
Copyright © 2000 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/00/20238701-09$05.00/0
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