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The Journal of Neuroscience, February 15, 2000, 20(4):1568-1574
Chronic Stress Induces Impairment of Spatial Working Memory
Because of Prefrontal Dopaminergic Dysfunction
Kazushige
Mizoguchi1,
Mitsutoshi
Yuzurihara1,
Atsushi
Ishige1,
Hiroshi
Sasaki1,
De-Hua
Chui2, and
Takeshi
Tabira2
1 Pharmacology Department, Central Research
Laboratories, Tsumura and Company, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki
300-1192, Japan, and 2 Department of Demyelinating Disease
and Aging, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of
Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
Although the mechanism responsible for cognitive deficits in
stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders has been obscure, prefrontal cortical (PFC) dopaminergic dysfunction is thought to be involved. In
animals, the mesoprefrontal dopaminergic system is particularly vulnerable to stress, and chronic stress induces working memory impairment. However, the relation between the working memory impairment and altered dopaminergic activity in chronically stressed rats is
unclear. Furthermore, the change of dopaminergic activity in the PFC
induced by stress is thought to express as a stress response, not as a
disorder of organic function. We have previously reported that chronic
stress administered by water immersion and restraint for 4 weeks
induces a organic disorder such as hippocampal neuronal degeneration.
We therefore examined whether chronically stressed (4 weeks) and
recovered (10 d) rats show a working memory impairment caused by
reduced dopamine (DA) transmission in the PFC, as suspected in
the neuropsychiatric disorders. The stress impaired the spatial working
memory evaluated by T-maze task and induced a marked reduction of DA
transmission concomitant with an increase in DA D1 receptor density in
the PFC. This memory impairment was sufficiently ameliorated by
intra-PFC infusion of 10 ng SKF 81297, a D1 receptor-specific agonist.
Pretreatment with intraperitoneal injection of 20 µg/kg SCH 23390, a
D1 receptor antagonist, reversed the SKF 81297 response. These results
indicate that chronic stress induces working memory impairment through
a D1 receptor-mediated hypodopaminergic mechanism in the PFC. These
findings provide important information for understanding of the
mechanisms underlying PFC dysfunction in stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders.
Key words:
chronic stress; working memory; prefrontal cortex; dopaminergic neuron; D1 receptor; cognitive deficit
Copyright © 2000 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/00/2041568-07$05.00/0
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