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The Journal of Neuroscience, March 1, 2000, 20(5):2036-2042
Peptide Cotransmitter Release from Motorneuron B16 in Aplysia californica: Costorage, Corelease, and Functional Implications
Ferdinand S. Vilim1, Elizabeth C. Cropper1, David A. Price2, Irving Kupfermann3, and Klaudiusz R. Weiss1 1 Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, 2 C. V. Whitney Laboratory, University of Florida, St. Augustine, Florida 32086, and 3 Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
Many neurons contain multiple peptide cotransmitters in addition to their classical transmitters. We are using the accessory radula closer neuromuscular system of Aplysia, which participates in feeding in these animals, to define the possible consequences of multiple modulators converging on single targets. How these modulators are released onto their targets is of critical importance in understanding the outcomes of their modulatory actions and their physiological role. Here we provide direct evidence that the partially antagonistic families of modulatory peptides, the myomodulins and buccalins, synthesized by motorneuron B16 are costored and coreleased in fixed ratios. We show that this release is calcium-dependent and independent of muscle contraction. Furthermore, we show that peptide release is initiated at the low end of the physiological range of motorneuron firing frequency and that it increases with increasing motorneuron firing frequency. The coordination of peptide release with the normal operating range of a neuron may be a general phenomenon and suggests that the release of peptide cotransmitters may exhibit similar types of regulation and plasticity as have been observed for classical transmitters. Stimulation paradigms that increase muscle contraction amplitude or frequency also increase peptide release from motor neuron B16. The net effect of the modulatory peptide cotransmitters released from motorneuron B16 would be to increase relaxation rate and therefore allow more frequent and/or larger contractions to occur without increased resistance to antagonist muscles. The end result of this modulation could be to maximize the efficiency of feeding.
Key words: Aplysia; neuropeptide; cotransmitter; buccalin; myomodulin; immunolocalization; RIA; release; motorneuron
Copyright © 2000 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/00/2052036-07$05.00/0
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