QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

HOME  |   SEARCH  |   ARCHIVE  |   SUBSCRIBE  |   CONTACT  |   HELP

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Submit an eLetter Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Web of Science (51) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Diamond, M. R. Articles by Morrone, M. C. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Diamond, M. R. Articles by Morrone, M. C.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

The Journal of Neuroscience, May 1, 2000, 20(9):3449-3455

Extraretinal Control of Saccadic Suppression

Mark R. Diamond¹, John Ross¹, and M. C. Morrone²

¹ Department of Psychology, The University of WA, Nedlands Western Australia 6907, Australia, and ² Istituto di Neurofisiologia del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 56010 Pisa, Italy

We measured the time course of saccadic suppression and tested whether suppression results entirely from retinal image motion or has an extraretinal source. We measured contrast thresholds for low-frequency gratings modulated either in luminance, at 17 cd/m² and 0.17 cd/m², or color at 17 cd/m². Gratings were flashed on a uniform background before, during, or after voluntary 12° saccades and, additionally in the case of luminance modulated gratings, saccades simulated by mirror motion.

A 10-fold decrease in contrast sensitivity was found for luminance-modulated gratings with saccades, but little suppression was found with simulated saccades. Adding high-contrast noise to the display increased the magnitude and the duration of the suppression during simulated saccades but had little effect on suppression produced by real saccades.

Suppression anticipates saccades by 50 msec, is maximal at the moment of saccadic onset, and outlasts saccades by ~50 msec. At lower luminance, suppression is reduced, and its course is shallower than at higher luminance.

Simulated saccades produce shallower suppression over a longer time course at both luminances. No suppression was found for chromatically modulated gratings.

Differences between real and simulated saccades in the magnitude and time course of sensitivity loss suggest that saccadic suppression has an extraretinal component.

We model the effects of saccades by adding a signal to the visual input, so as to saturate the nonlinear stage of visual processing and make detection of a test stimulus more difficult.

Key words: saccades; eye movements; saccadic suppression; magnocellular; corollary discharge; image motion; efference copy

---

Copyright © 2000 Society for Neuroscience  0270-6474/00/2093449-07$05.00/0

This article has been cited by other articles:

				F. Bremmer, M. Kubischik, K.-P. Hoffmann, and B. Krekelberg Neural Dynamics of Saccadic Suppression J. Neurosci., October 7, 2009; 29(40): 12374 - 12383. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. A. Crowder, N. S. C. Price, M. J. Mustari, and M. R. Ibbotson Direction and Contrast Tuning of Macaque MSTd Neurons During Saccades J Neurophysiol, June 1, 2009; 101(6): 3100 - 3107. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Johns, K. Crowley, R. Chapman, A. Tucker, and C. Hocking The effect of blinks and saccadic eye movements on visual reaction times Atten Percept Psychophys, May 1, 2009; 71(4): 783 - 788. [Abstract] [PDF]

				A. C. Schutz, D. I. Braun, and K. R. Gegenfurtner Chromatic Contrast Sensitivity During Optokinetic Nystagmus, Visually Enhanced Vestibulo-ocular Reflex, and Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements J Neurophysiol, May 1, 2009; 101(5): 2317 - 2327. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. R. Ibbotson, N. A. Crowder, S. L. Cloherty, N. S. C. Price, and M. J. Mustari Saccadic Modulation of Neural Responses: Possible Roles in Saccadic Suppression, Enhancement, and Time Compression J. Neurosci., October 22, 2008; 28(43): 10952 - 10960. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. P. Mayo and M. A. Sommer Neuronal Adaptation Caused by Sequential Visual Stimulation in the Frontal Eye Field J Neurophysiol, October 1, 2008; 100(4): 1923 - 1935. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. Vallines and M. W. Greenlee Saccadic suppression of retinotopically localized blood oxygen level-dependent responses in human primary visual area V1. J. Neurosci., May 31, 2006; 26(22): 5965 - 5969. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Patterson, M. D. Winterbottom, and B. J. Pierce Perceptual Issues in the Use of Head-Mounted Visual Displays Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, January 1, 2006; 48(3): 555 - 573. [Abstract] [PDF]

				X. Huang, S. Blau, and M. A. Paradiso Background Changes Delay the Perceptual Availability of Form Information J Neurophysiol, December 1, 2005; 94(6): 4331 - 4343. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N.S.C. Price, M. R. Ibbotson, S. Ono, and M. J. Mustari Rapid Processing of Retinal Slip During Saccades in Macaque Area MT J Neurophysiol, July 1, 2005; 94(1): 235 - 246. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Awater, D. Burr, M. Lappe, M. C. Morrone, and M. E. Goldberg Effect of Saccadic Adaptation on Localization of Visual Targets J Neurophysiol, June 1, 2005; 93(6): 3605 - 3614. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Castet, S. Jeanjean, and G. S. Masson Motion perception of saccade-induced retinal translation PNAS, November 12, 2002; 99(23): 15159 - 15163. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Thiele, P. Henning, M. Kubischik, and K.-P. Hoffmann Neural Mechanisms of Saccadic Suppression Science, March 29, 2002; 295(5564): 2460 - 2462. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. A. Garcia-Perez and E. Peli Intrasaccadic Perception J. Neurosci., September 15, 2001; 21(18): 7313 - 7322. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home  |   Search  |   Archive  |   Subscribe  |   Contact  |   Help