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The Journal of Neuroscience, May 15, 2001, 21(10):3383-3391
Increased Histone Acetyltransferase and Lysine
Acetyltransferase Activity and Biphasic Activation of the
ERK/RSK Cascade in Insular Cortex During Novel Taste
Learning
Michael W.
Swank and
J. David
Sweatt
Division of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston,
Texas 77030
Changes in gene expression are thought to be involved in neuronal
plasticity associated with learning and memory. Although acetylation of
lysine residues on histones by histone acetyltransferases (HAT) is an
obligatory component of transcription, HAT activity has been largely
ignored in studies of the nervous system. We developed a new model for
studying novel taste learning using novel solid food presentation to
nondeprived animals. Using this behavioral paradigm, we investigated
short- and long-term regulation of lysine acetyltransferase activity
and the ERK/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/RSK
cascade in insular cortex, a CNS region known to be crucial for the
formation of novel taste memories. We observed that novel taste
learning elicited biphasic (acute and long-lasting) activation of two
distinct lysine acetyltransferase activities along with the ERK/MAPK
cascade in insular cortex. In vitro studies revealed
that the ERK cascade could regulate the lysine acetylation of a 42 kDa
lysine acetyltransferase substrate, suggesting a causal relationship
between ERK activation and lysine acetyltransferase activity in insular
cortex. Overall, our studies reveal an unanticipated long-lasting
activation of insular cortex signal transduction cascades in novel
taste learning. Furthermore, our studies suggest the hypothesis that
acute and long-term ERK activation and lysine-histone
acetyltransferase activation may play a role in regulating gene
expression in single-trial learning and long-term memory formation.
Key words:
MAP kinase; histone acetyltransferase; protein kinase; taste aversion; insular cortex; learning; memory; gene expression
Copyright © 2001 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/01/21103383-09$05.00/0
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