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The Journal of Neuroscience, June 1, 2001, 21(11):3923-3931
Effects of Early Visual Experience and Diurnal Rhythms on
BDNF mRNA and Protein Levels in the Visual System,
Hippocampus, and Cerebellum
Graeme S.
Pollock1,
Elizabeth
Vernon3,
M.
Elizabeth
Forbes3,
Qiao
Yan4,
Yun-Tao
Ma1,
Ted
Hsieh1,
Regine
Robichon1,
Douglas
O.
Frost1, 2, and
James E.
Johnson3
1 Department of Pharmacology and Experimental
Therapeutics and 2 Department of Anesthesiology and
Neuroscience Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine,
Baltimore, Maryland 21201, 3 Department of Neurobiology and
Anatomy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem,
North Carolina 27157, and 4 Department of Neuroscience,
Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320
The expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA and
the secretion of BDNF protein are tightly regulated by neuronal
activity. Thus, BDNF has been proposed as a mediator of
activity-dependent neural plasticity. Previous studies showed that dark
rearing (DR) reduces BDNF mRNA levels in the primary visual cortex
(V1), but the effects of visual experience on BDNF protein levels are
unknown. We report that rearing in constant light or DR alters BDNF
mRNA and protein levels in the retina, superior colliculus (SC), V1,
hippocampus (HIPP), and cerebellum (CBL), although the changes in mRNA
and protein are not always correlated. Most notably, DR increases BDNF
protein levels in V1 although BDNF mRNA is decreased. BDNF protein
levels also undergo diurnal changes. In the retina, V1, and SC, BDNF
protein levels are higher during the light phase of the circadian cycle
than during the dark phase. By contrast, in HIPP and CBL, the tissue concentration of BDNF protein is higher during the dark phase. The
discrepancies between the experience-dependent changes in BDNF mRNA and
protein suggest that via its effects on neuronal activity, early
sensory experience alters the trafficking, as well as the synthesis, of
BDNF protein. The circadian changes in BDNF protein suggest that BDNF
could cause the diurnal modulation of synaptic efficacy in some neural
circuits. The fluctuations in BDNF levels in nonvisual structures
suggest a potential role of BDNF in mediating plasticity induced by
hormones or motor activity.
Key words:
neurotrophin; development; deprivation; brain-derived
neurotrophic factor; visual cortex; superior colliculus; plasticity; dark rearing; light rearing; rat; hamster
Copyright © 2001 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/01/21113923-09$05.00/0
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